Apparent Weight in Elevator

This calculator helps you explore why you feel heavier or lighter in an accelerating elevator. It uses Newton’s laws to find either the apparent weight (scale reading) or the elevator’s acceleration, assuming motion in a vertical shaft near Earth’s surface.

Quick definition: Apparent weight is the normal force a scale exerts on you. In an elevator, that force changes when the elevator accelerates, even though your mass stays the same.

Core formulas for apparent weight in an elevator

We model a person of mass m standing on a scale in an elevator that accelerates vertically with acceleration a. We choose upward as the positive direction and assume a uniform gravitational field with acceleration g (about 9.8 m/s² on Earth).

The forces on the person are:

• Weight downward: mg
• Normal force from the scale upward: N (this is the apparent weight or scale reading)

Applying Newton’s second law in the vertical direction gives:

Solving for the normal force (apparent weight):

• If the elevator accelerates upward (a > 0), N > mg and you feel heavier.
• If the elevator accelerates downward (a < 0), N < mg and you feel lighter.

Rearranging the same equation also lets you solve for the elevator’s acceleration when you know mass and apparent weight:

How to use this calculator

The tool has two modes. In all cases, use SI units (kilograms for mass, m/s² for acceleration, and newtons for apparent weight).

Mode 1: Mass & Acceleration → Apparent Weight

1. Select “Mass & Acceleration → Apparent Weight” in the mode dropdown.
2. Enter the person’s mass in kilograms (kg).
3. Enter the elevator acceleration in m/s².
   • Use a positive value if the elevator accelerates upward.
   • Use a negative value if the elevator accelerates downward.
   • Use 0 for constant-speed motion or when the elevator is stationary.
4. Leave the Apparent Weight N field blank; the calculator will compute it.
5. Click Compute to get the scale reading in newtons.

Mode 2: Mass & Apparent Weight → Acceleration

1. Select “Mass & Apparent Weight → Acceleration” in the mode dropdown.
2. Enter the person’s mass in kilograms (kg).
3. Enter the apparent weight N (scale reading) in newtons.
4. Leave the Elevator Acceleration a field blank; the calculator will compute it.
5. Click Compute to find the elevator’s acceleration in m/s².
   • A positive result means upward acceleration.
   • A negative result means downward acceleration.

Sign convention reminder: In this calculator, upward is positive. Downward accelerations should be entered as negative numbers, which is important for getting physically meaningful results.

Interpreting the results

The output tells you how the scale reading compares to your normal weight at rest, mg. You can compare as follows:

Remember that the calculator reports apparent weight in newtons. To get an equivalent “kg reading” as a bathroom scale might display, divide the result by 9.8 m/s².

Worked examples

Example 1: Find apparent weight from mass and acceleration

Problem: A person has mass 70 kg. An elevator accelerates upward at 2.0 m/s². What is the apparent weight?

1. Choose mode “Mass & Acceleration → Apparent Weight”.
2. Enter mass m = 70 kg.
3. Enter acceleration a = +2.0 m/s².
4. Compute N = m(g + a) with g ≈ 9.8 m/s²:
   • N = 70 × (9.8 + 2.0) = 70 × 11.8 = 826 N (approximately).
5. The scale reading is about 826 N, corresponding to about 84 kg (826 ÷ 9.8).

Example 2: Find acceleration from mass and apparent weight

Problem: The same 70 kg person stands on a scale in an elevator. The scale reads 560 N. What is the elevator’s acceleration?

1. Choose mode “Mass & Apparent Weight → Acceleration”.
2. Enter mass m = 70 kg.
3. Enter apparent weight N = 560 N.
4. Use the formula a = (N − mg)/m:
   • mg = 70 × 9.8 = 686 N.
   • a = (560 − 686) / 70 = −126 / 70 ≈ −1.8 m/s².
5. The negative sign means the elevator accelerates downward at about 1.8 m/s².

You can reproduce both examples directly in the calculator to check your understanding or verify homework solutions.

Assumptions and limitations

This calculator is designed for introductory physics and teaching demonstrations. It uses an idealized model with the following assumptions:

• Uniform gravity: Gravitational acceleration is taken as g ≈ 9.8 m/s² and does not vary with height or location.
• Vertical motion only: The elevator moves along a straight vertical path; horizontal motion is neglected.
• Constant acceleration: The acceleration value you enter is assumed constant over the time of interest.
• Point-mass person: The person and scale are treated as rigid, with no internal motion (no jumping or bouncing).
• No additional forces: Effects such as air resistance, cable elasticity, or jerky motion are ignored.
• Non-relativistic speeds: The model is purely Newtonian; relativistic effects are not included.

Because of these simplifications, the results should not be used for engineering design, safety-critical calculations, or detailed analysis of real elevators. They are most appropriate for conceptual understanding, homework problems, quick checks of intuition, and classroom demonstrations about apparent weight and acceleration.