We are working on building a calculator for every computation life throws at you - from the serious to the whimsical.
Estimate capital gains tax you can defer by reinvesting property sale proceeds through a 1031 exchange.
Compare net income as an independent contractor versus a traditional employee. Estimate payroll taxes, benefits, and expenses.
Contrast monthly payments and total interest for 15-year and 30-year mortgages to see which term fits your budget.
See how adding catch-up contributions after age 50 accelerates your 401(k) balance using expected returns and employer match
Estimate taxes and penalties for taking early distributions from a 401(k) retirement account.
Estimate how employer matching contributions can grow your 401(k) and project the future value of your retirement account.
Estimate how your 401(k) balance will grow with regular contributions, employer match, and investment returns.
Figure out your payment schedule and potential opportunity cost when borrowing from retirement funds with this 401(k) Loan Repayment Calculator.
Estimate the true cost of borrowing from your 401(k) against taking a personal loan by modeling interest, lost investment growth and tax drag.
Apply the 50/30/20 rule to split after-tax income into needs, wants, and savings.
Estimate the growth and tax savings of contributing to a 529 college savings plan versus a regular taxable investment account.
Estimate annual withdrawals under IRS 72(t) Substantially Equal Periodic Payments using account balance, age, and interest rate.
Calculate accounts payable turnover and days payable outstanding to analyze how quickly a business pays suppliers.
Compute accounts receivable turnover and collection period to gauge how efficiently your business collects credit sales.
Project initial and adjusted payments for an adjustable rate mortgage by entering loan amount, introductory rate, reset period, and new rate. Includes comprehensive explanation of ARM mechanics, formulas, and examples.
Project daily, monthly, and yearly ad earnings from page views, click-through rate, and cost per click using this AdSense Revenue Calculator.
Project the cost of building an accessory dwelling unit based on size, material rates, and soft costs. Includes in-depth explanation, formulas, tables, and practical guidance.
Estimate your scrum team's average velocity by entering completed story points and sprint count.
Estimate the monthly profit from your Airbnb or vacation rental. Input nightly rate, occupancy, fees, and expenses to gauge profitability.
Estimate potential alternative minimum tax by entering taxable income, adjustments, filing status, and regular tax.
Estimate bankruptcy risk with the Altman Z-Score using working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, equity market value, liabilities, sales and assets.
Estimate per-unit profit from Amazon FBA sales by accounting for fees, product cost, shipping, and storage.
Estimate periodic payment amounts or present value for a fixed annuity using interest rate and term.
Calculate service credits owed when API uptime falls below the service level agreement (SLA).
Estimate how much revenue you'll receive after platform fees and taxes when selling apps or in-app purchases.
Determine the failure probability needed for an appliance extended warranty to pay off using purchase price, warranty cost, repair expenses, and coverage length.
Convert Annual Percentage Rate to Annual Percentage Yield or vice versa using this easy calculator. Understand how compounding affects your real return.
Convert a quoted annual percentage yield (APY) into the equivalent annual percentage rate (APR) given a compounding frequency.
Estimate your Army Combat Fitness Test score by entering event performances for deadlift, power throw, push-ups, sprint-drag-carry, plank, and 2-mile run.
Sum Army enlisted promotion points from training, awards, and education to gauge competitiveness for sergeant and staff sergeant.
Estimate asphalt driveway material needs and cost from length, width, thickness, waste, and price per ton.
Determine a diversified investment mix based on age, risk tolerance, and portfolio size using a simple age-based formula.
Compute asset turnover by dividing revenue by average total assets to evaluate how efficiently a company uses its asset base.
Find out how much you could save by refinancing your auto loan. Compare current and new interest rates to see potential monthly and total savings.
Estimate and compare monthly feeding costs for different baby formula brands using container price and size.
Estimate taxes owed on a backdoor Roth IRA conversion using the pro-rata rule and see how much basis remains after the transaction.
Look up estimated 2024 Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH) amounts by rank, location, and dependency status.
Compute monthly payments and the final balloon balance for loans with short maturities but long amortization terms.
Estimate monthly Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS) for officers and enlisted members, with deductions for days meals are provided.
Estimate bathroom remodel costs using room size, finish level, fixture upgrades, and labor. Includes formulas, tables, and detailed planning guidance.
Estimate yearly bicycle maintenance costs based on miles ridden, wear rate, and tune-up expenses.
Compare long-term cost and resource use of installing a bidet against continuing to buy toilet paper.
Split restaurant bills or shared expenses evenly with this handy bill split calculator. Include tip and see how much each person owes.
Compare traditional monthly mortgage payments with biweekly payments to see interest savings and time shaved off your loan.
Quickly calculate Black Friday discounts and savings. Enter the original price and discount percentage to find your sale price instantly.
Compute theoretical call and put prices using the Black-Scholes model.
Calculate the estimated fee for cryptocurrency transactions. Enter gas limit, base fee, priority fee, and current coin price to project costs in ETH and USD.
Contrast buy now pay later plans with credit card revolving balances. Estimate fees, interest, payoff time, and decide the cheaper option.
Compute Macaulay duration, modified duration, and convexity of a bond using coupon, yield, and maturity inputs.
Design a bond ladder by distributing investment amounts across multiple maturities and see annual cash flows.
Calculate a bond's price based on coupon rate, yield to maturity, and payment frequency. Explore how interest rates affect fixed income investments.
Estimate the yield to call for a bond using coupon rate, call price, and years until call.
Compute the yield to maturity of a bond from its market price, coupon rate, face value and years remaining.
Compute your take-home pay from a bonus. Enter bonus amount and tax rates to see the net amount you will receive after federal, state, and payroll taxes.
Estimate the occupancy percentage needed for a rental property to cover expenses and reach break-even.
Find out how many units you need to sell to break even. Enter your fixed costs, price per unit, and variable cost per unit to calculate the break-even point.
Estimate the return on investment for launching a bug bounty program compared to in-house security testing.
Compare the long-term cost of a traditional cable TV package against streaming services to see which option saves more.
Analyze whether traditional cable or modern streaming services cost less for your household. Input monthly fees, equipment costs, and subscriptions to see which option saves more.
Compute the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of an investment quickly. Understand how your investment grows over time with this easy tool.
Estimate the total cost of converting a van into a camper including materials, labor, and unexpected expenses.
Compare vacation expenses for camping versus staying in hotels, including gear amortization and nightly fees.
Estimate total costs for renting gear and securing a campsite so you can budget for your next outdoor adventure.
Estimate monthly capital expenditure reserves for rental property upkeep.
Use our Capital Gains Tax Calculator to quickly estimate taxes on investment sales. Include improvement costs, selling expenses, loss carryovers, and purchase and sale dates to see accurate short- or long-term rates.
Use the capital asset pricing model to compute expected investment returns from beta, market return, and the risk-free rate.
Figure out how much car you can afford based on your income, existing debts, loan term, interest rate and down payment using this simple car affordability calculator.
Quickly estimate your monthly car lease payment. Enter vehicle price, residual value, term, and money factor to see your approximate payment.
Plan for rental car expenses by adding up daily rates, insurance, taxes, and mileage fees.
Estimate monthly transportation expenses for owning a car, using ride-hailing services, or relying on public transit. Compare costs to decide how to commute.
Estimate the amount of carpet needed for a room, including roll count, waste allowance, and material cost.
Balance fuel expenses among carpool drivers by calculating who owes whom based on distance, efficiency, and fuel price.
Estimate annual cash back from category spending and card reward rates, accounting for annual fees and break-even analysis.
Compute the cash flow to debt ratio by comparing operating cash flow to total debt to gauge solvency strength.
Determine cash-on-cash return by dividing annual pre-tax cash flow by total cash invested.
Estimate cash available from a cash-out refinance and compare the new mortgage payment to your current loan.
Determine how much it costs to feed your cat each day based on weight, activity, and food price.
Estimate the interest lost and net payout when cashing out a certificate of deposit before maturity.
Calculate the future value and interest earned on a certificate of deposit based on deposit amount, term, rate, and compounding frequency. Includes detailed explanation, formulas, and tables.
Design a certificate of deposit ladder by choosing total investment, number of rungs, and interest rate. See maturity values for each rung and plan liquidity.
Compare certificate of deposit returns with a high-yield savings account over your chosen time horizon.
Compare two cell phone plans by entering your usage and plan details to see which option saves more each month.
Estimate how much good your donations can achieve when combined with employer matching and charity effectiveness.
Determine the tax savings from charitable gifts by entering donation amount, deductible percentage, and your marginal tax rate.
Plan how many donors or ticket sales you need to reach a fundraising goal after covering event costs.
Estimate the total cost of adopting a child by entering agency, legal, travel, home study, medical, and miscellaneous expenses.
Estimate your child and dependent care credit based on income, number of qualifying persons and eligible expenses.
Estimate your federal child tax credit by entering your filing status, adjusted gross income, and number of qualifying children.
Estimate daycare, babysitting, and supplies costs for your family. Learn budgeting tips and ways to reduce childcare expenses.
Determine monthly retainer fees by factoring expected hours, hourly rate, and a loyalty discount.
Compare the cost and carbon impact of line drying laundry versus using an electric dryer to find savings and environmental benefits.
Quickly estimate your monthly cloud storage bill by entering how many gigabytes you store, retrieve, and transfer. Adjust the pricing model to match your provider.
Compare estimated monthly storage costs across major providers using your data and transfer volumes.
Calculate each roommate's share of rent, utilities, and other expenses. Perfect for co-living arrangements and shared housing.
Determine how many memberships you need to cover monthly operating costs for a co-working space. Enter your expenses and pricing to see the break-even point.
Project the monthly and total cost of continuing employer health coverage under COBRA by entering employee and employer premium shares.
Estimate how many months it will take to recover your coding bootcamp tuition based on salary increase.
Find out how much your daily coffee habit really costs. Calculate your weekly, monthly, and annual coffee expenses with our easy-to-use calculator.
Compare disposable cup waste with reusable mug costs and carbon footprint to find the break-even point.
See how much you can save by brewing coffee at home instead of buying from cafes. Input cup prices and frequency to compare.
Compare the monthly cost of buying coffee from cafes against brewing at home to see which method fits your budget.
Estimate the intrinsic melt value of a coin from its weight, purity, and current metal price.
Compare potential career earnings between two majors using starting salaries and growth rates.
Calculate the real cost of attending college after accounting for grants and scholarships with this College Net Price Calculator.
Determine how much you need to save each month to reach your college fund goal with this College Savings Goal Calculator. Estimate tuition, earnings, and current savings to create a realistic plan.
Estimate future college expenses by accounting for tuition inflation, investment growth and ongoing contributions.
Estimate how much your daily commute truly costs after fuel, parking, and tolls.
Calculate your investment growth with our Compound Interest Calculator. See how your money can grow over time with compound interest.
Estimate potential profit from selling concert tickets by entering ticket price, venue capacity, and associated costs.
Calculate resale profits for concert tickets by factoring purchase price, selling price, flat and percentage platform fees, delivery costs, and quantity.
Calculate the total cost of a multi-city concert tour including travel, lodging, and crew expenses.
Compute concrete driveway volume, yardage, and project cost from length, width, thickness, waste, and pricing for materials and reinforcement.
Compute concrete volume, bag count, and cost for straight outdoor or indoor stairs using dimensions and material pricing.
Compute website or campaign conversion rate by dividing conversions by total visitors and explore how small improvements impact revenue.
Break down the monthly and annual cost of cable bundles versus a custom streaming setup using this Cord Cutting Cost Calculator.
Estimate how likely observations of spinning compact objects would reveal a naked singularity that violates cosmic censorship.
Estimate your total expenses for an upcoming cosplay convention, including travel, lodging, and materials.
Plan your cosplay projects by totaling fabric, foam, paint, and accessory costs. See how much you'll spend before you start crafting.
Compute cost of goods sold from inventory levels, purchases, labor, and overhead. Includes detailed explanation, MathML formulas, and examples.
Compare cost-of-living indexes between two locations to see the salary needed to maintain purchasing power.
Compare the cost of living between two locations to see the salary needed to maintain your lifestyle.
Estimate the total cost of raising a child to age 18 by accounting for housing, food, childcare, health care, and more.
Compute the cost per square foot of any property or project by dividing total cost by area.
Compare monthly costs for coworking memberships and home office expenses. See which option saves more and plan your budget.
Tally ingredient costs and estimate price per bottle for your homebrew or craft beer recipe.
See if a rewards credit card is worth the annual fee by comparing bonus value and cashback earnings.
Estimate how much interest you can save by moving a credit card balance to a promotional offer with a low introductory APR.
Compute monthly credit card interest using the average daily balance method. Learn how APR translates into daily costs and explore strategies to minimize debt.
Verify credit card numbers using the Luhn algorithm. Learn how the checksum works and validate digits instantly.
See how long it takes to pay off a credit card when only minimum payments are made.
Calculate how long it will take to pay off your credit card debt or how much you need to pay each month with our Credit Card Payoff Calculator.
Validate credit card numbers using the Luhn algorithm and detect common card types.
Estimate how long it may take to reach your target credit score. Enter your current score, goal score, and monthly improvement to see the timeline.
Determine how much to pay down on credit cards to reach a healthier utilization ratio.
Estimate the break-even crop price per bushel or ton by entering production costs, expected yield, and market price.
Determine how much money you should raise to cover production costs, fees, and profit for your crowdfunding project.
Estimate crown molding length, pieces, and cost for rectangular rooms with waste allowance.
Estimate the average price paid when buying cryptocurrency at set intervals. See how steady contributions reduce volatility.
Calculate buy or sell amounts to reach target allocations for three cryptocurrencies.
Forecast your earnings from staking cryptocurrency by entering your stake amount, annual yield, and duration.
Determine how long it takes for a mining rig to become profitable after equipment and electricity costs.
Predict how much you can earn by mining cryptocurrency. Enter hash rate, power usage, and electricity cost to forecast daily profit.
Instantly calculate your cryptocurrency profit or loss. Enter buy and sell prices, quantity, and trading fees to find out your crypto returns.
Determine how much each member owes for a community supported agriculture share, including options for add-on items.
Convert amounts between currencies using your own exchange rate with this privacy-friendly currency converter. Perfect for travelers and business use when you need quick offline conversions.
Get a rough price estimate for custom rings, necklaces, or bracelets. Enter metal weight, gemstone cost, and design complexity to budget your project.
Estimate the cost of acquiring new customers by entering marketing and sales expenses along with the number of new customers gained.
Compare the weekly cost and carbon footprint of dairy milk with plant-based alternatives.
Compare original and compressed file sizes to find compression ratio and percent savings.
Estimate the total cost of labeling datasets for machine learning, including quality assurance overhead and per-item expense.
Estimate your monthly cell phone data bill by entering plan details, included data, and typical usage. Learn ways to reduce costs.
Estimate monthly database costs by entering read and write operations, storage size, and per-unit pricing.
Estimate how much it will cost to label a machine learning dataset. Enter item counts, price per label, and quality control overhead.
Estimate annual expenses for daycare, hiring a nanny, or participating in a nanny share to decide the most economical childcare arrangement.
Plan an efficient debt repayment strategy by targeting the highest interest balances using the debt avalanche method.
Evaluate whether consolidating multiple debts into a single loan will reduce your monthly payments and total interest cost.
Evaluate leverage by comparing total liabilities to total assets with this debt ratio calculator.
Use the debt snowball method to see how quickly you can pay off multiple debts. Enter up to three debts with their balances, rates, and minimum payments.
Simulate debt repayment using the snowball and avalanche methods to find total interest and payoff time.
Assess leverage by comparing total liabilities to shareholders' equity using this debt-to-equity ratio calculator.
Calculate your Debt-to-Income (DTI) ratio with our easy-to-use calculator. Understand your financial health and loan eligibility.
Estimate potential defamation damages by combining lost income, therapy costs, reputation repair expenses, emotional distress, publication reach and punitive multipliers.
Estimate potential returns from decentralized finance yield farming with compounding and token price changes.
Estimate total dental implant costs by entering component prices, number of implants and insurance coverage.
Compute the derivative of a polynomial at any point to see how fast the function changes there.
Estimate monthly expenses for Wi-Fi, SIM cards, and co-working space as a digital nomad. Plan your travel budget with reliable connectivity.
Find out where you may be considered a tax resident based on days spent in each country. Helps digital nomads plan travel to avoid unexpected tax bills.
Calculate dimensional weight for parcels using length, width, height, and carrier divisors. Avoid shipping surprises by understanding how couriers charge for large yet lightweight packages.
Compute the directional derivative of a multivariable function at a point.
Calculate the present value of future cash flows using a simple Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method. Enter up to three yearly cash flows and a discount rate.
Estimate how long it takes to recover an investment using discounted cash flows.
Compare the long-term cost of disposable razors versus a reusable safety razor using blade prices and shave counts.
Use the dividend discount model to approximate the intrinsic price of a dividend-paying stock based on growth and required return.
Determine the dividend payout ratio by comparing dividends to net income to assess retention and distribution policy.
Estimate the future value of an investment when dividends are reinvested. Enter initial balance, annual yield, frequency, and years to see compounded results.
Estimate the future value of your dividend-paying stocks when dividends are reinvested. Input your initial investment, annual dividend yield, expected stock appreciation, and years to project.
Find the dividend yield of a stock quickly. Enter annual dividends per share and the share price to see the yield percentage.
Estimate monthly cost savings from slimming down container images by calculating storage and transfer reductions.
Plan your pet budget by calculating how much it costs to feed your dog each day. Enter dog weight, portion size and food price to see weekly and monthly expenses.
Evaluate dollar-cost averaging by entering regular contribution amounts and asset prices. Calculate average cost per share and portfolio value.
Estimate the annual cost of living in a college dormitory versus renting off campus including meal plans, utilities, and commuting.
Estimate the down payment needed for a home and how long it will take to save based on your budget and savings rate.
Estimate how a mythical dragon's treasure hoard grows over centuries with compound interest and regular pillaging. A whimsical finance lesson.
Calculate how much to charge for drone photo shoots based on hourly rate, editing time, and travel expenses.
Estimate drywall sheets and material cost from room dimensions, openings, sheet size, waste, and price per sheet.
Compute the debt service coverage ratio from net operating income and debt payments.
Break down return on equity into profit margin, asset turnover, and equity multiplier with this DuPont analysis calculator.
Find the minimum e-book price needed to recover editing, design, and marketing costs based on expected sales and platform fees.
Estimate your Earned Income Tax Credit for 2023 by entering filing status, number of children, and earned income. See how the credit phases in and out as income changes.
Compute basic and diluted earnings per share from net income, preferred dividends, and weighted average shares.
Estimate post-earthquake rebuilding costs using structure size, material type, and quake intensity.
Estimate cut and fill volumes for grading a rectangular site using average existing and proposed elevations plus soil bulking factors.
Compute eBay selling fees and projected profit from sale price, shipping and costs.
Compute EBITDA by adding back interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization to net income with this interactive calculator.
Calculate EBITDA and EBITDA margin from net income, interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and revenue.
Compare the total cost of standard versus sustainable packaging options and see if eco-friendly choices can save money long term.
Determine optimal order size with the classic EOQ model using annual demand, order setup cost and holding cost.
Calculate Economic Value Added (EVA) by deriving NOPAT, weighted average cost of capital, and invested capital to assess value creation.
Estimate your overall effective tax rate by totaling federal, state, and payroll taxes against gross income.
Calculate potential elder care expenses including in-home help, assisted living, and insurance coverage. Plan ahead for peace of mind.
Estimate your monthly electricity costs by entering usage and rate details with this Electric Bill Calculator.
Calculate potential U.S. federal electric vehicle tax credits based on income, assembly location, and battery sourcing criteria.
Estimate the return on investment for your email campaigns by entering list size, open rates, and sales. See how effective your outreach really is.
Build financial security with our emergency fund calculator. Estimate how much you should save and how long it will take based on your monthly expenses and savings rate.
Estimate potential tax credits for keeping staff on payroll. Enter monthly wages, qualifying months, and credit percentage to see your estimated benefit.
Estimate taxes when exercising and selling employee stock options. Enter share counts, strike price, market value, and tax rates to see potential obligations.
Model contributions, discounts, lookback provisions, and tax effects to evaluate the potential profit from an ESPP.
Calculate the full annual and hourly cost of an employee by including salary, payroll taxes, benefits, and overhead.
See how quickly professional development pays off. Enter training cost per employee, number of employees, expected monthly productivity gain, and monthly revenue per employee.
Estimate organizational knowledge lost when employees leave and the cost of onboarding replacements.
Calculate the enterprise value to sales ratio by deriving enterprise value from market and balance sheet inputs and comparing it to revenue.
Compare the true cost of leasing equipment against buying it outright. Enter purchase price, interest rate, lease payments, and residual values to identify the most cost-effective option for your business.
Estimate the value of your Employee Stock Purchase Plan contributions, discounted purchase price, and potential profit when you sell.
Project potential estate tax owed by entering asset values, deductions, and applicable exemptions.
Calculate Etsy marketplace fees and net profit by entering price, shipping, advertising, and cost of goods.
Calculate how long it takes to recoup costs of an EV charging station based on installation price, usage, and charging fees.
Estimate the electricity cost and charging stops for your electric vehicle on a long road trip.
See how electric and gasoline vehicles stack up over years of ownership. Input purchase prices, fuel economy, and maintenance costs to evaluate savings.
Estimate the total cost of your event. Enter attendee count, cost per person, and any extra expenses to calculate your event budget.
Calculate the expected shortfall (CVaR) of an investment portfolio using volatility, mean return, and a chosen confidence level.
Evaluate whether purchasing an extended warranty is worthwhile by comparing expected repair costs with the warranty price.
Calculate the whimsical cost of building a magical castle, complete with towers, moats, and enchanted extras. Perfect for story planning or imaginative play.
See how weekly produce expenses differ between your local farmer's market and a supermarket. Enter prices and amounts to calculate savings.
Plan a fence project by estimating panels, posts, concrete volume, and material cost from length, gate count, and hole dimensions.
Estimate FHA upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums based on home price, down payment and term.
Estimate and compare monthly payments for FHA and conventional mortgages including insurance premiums and find the cheaper option.
Compute the expected optical power at the receiver based on cable length, splices, and component losses.
Estimate Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes using 2024 FICA rates and wage bases. Includes detailed explanation, MathML formulas, and reference tables.
Estimate the total cost of submitting your short or feature film to multiple festivals. Understand how entry fees add up and how to budget effectively.
Compare the long-term cost of drinking bottled water with using a home filter. Calculate annual savings and plastic reduction.
Estimate your financial independence number and years to FIRE using expenses, savings, and investment returns.
Approximate first or second derivatives using forward, backward, or central difference formulas and compare them to symbolic results.
Calculate how many years it may take to achieve financial independence and retire early using projected savings, investment returns, and annual expenses.
Estimate the first-year cost of raising a baby including diapers, formula, childcare, healthcare, clothing, and one-time gear purchases.
Gauge how effectively a business generates sales from property, plant, and equipment using this fixed asset turnover ratio calculator.
Estimate total interest and payment differences between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) using home price, rates and terms.
Estimate how much you can save in taxes by contributing to a flexible spending account for healthcare expenses.
Estimate transportation, lodging, and preparation expenses when evacuating ahead of river or flash floods.
Compute the cost per calorie of foods using package price, weight, and calorie content to compare budget and nutrition.
Plan your street food business with this food truck profit calculator. Enter daily revenue and costs to project monthly earnings and discover tips for maximizing profit.
Compare the total costs and profits of launching a food truck versus opening a brick-and-mortar restaurant over a chosen period.
Calculate the value of a single pip for any forex pair using lot size and current price.
Determine the optimal forex trade size by entering account balance, risk percentage, currency pair price, and stop loss in pips.
Estimate productivity change, energy savings, and commute cost reduction when shifting from a five-day to a four-day workweek.
Compute free cash flow by subtracting capital expenditures from operating cash flow and optionally view the resulting margin.
Calculate how many months your savings will last while freelancing based on income and expenses.
Determine projected profit for freelance jobs by factoring rates, hours, expenses, and platform fees.
Easily calculate your ideal hourly freelance rate based on monthly expenses, desired profit, billable hours, and weeks worked per year. Optimize your freelance pricing strategy today!
Estimate your quarterly tax payments by entering income, deductions, and tax rate. Stay on top of freelance finances.
Predict recurring revenue from multiple retainer clients over several months.
Estimate tax savings from contributing to a flexible spending account. See how pre-tax FSA dollars reduce income and payroll taxes.
Estimate your trip's fuel cost with our Fuel Cost Calculator. Enter distance, fuel efficiency, and fuel price to get accurate results.
Compare the total cost of renting furniture against purchasing and reselling after a temporary stay.
Add up costs for a custom gaming PC. Enter component prices to see your total build budget.
Compare annual operating and equipment costs of gas, electric, and induction stoves to see which cooking method fits your budget.
Estimate how savings and investment growth might accumulate across decades, factoring in inflation, to build generational wealth.
Estimate the Monthly Housing Allowance under the Post-9/11 GI Bill using the local BAH rate, benefit percentage, and training time.
Estimate federal gift tax liability after accounting for annual exclusions and lifetime exemption. Includes detailed explanation and rate tables.
Enter household incomes to compute the Gini coefficient and evaluate economic inequality.
Calculate your likely purchase price at a bustling goblin market by considering base cost, your cunning, and the overall mood of the stall. A playful tool for bargaining enthusiasts.
Calculate your Grade Point Average (GPA) easily with our GPA calculator. Enter your course grades and credit hours to find out your GPA.
Estimate gratuity payout under the Indian Payment of Gratuity Act using last salary and years of service.
Compute the gravel volume, tonnage, truckloads, and price required for a new or refurbished driveway.
Estimate how long you may wait for a green card by entering backlog size and monthly visa allocation.
Calculate potential federal and state tax credits for home energy improvements. Enter upgrade cost, credit rate, and available incentives to plan your budget.
See how much stormwater a green roof can capture over a year. Enter roof area, rainfall, and efficiency to project gallons diverted from sewers.
Plan your monthly grocery budget by entering household size and cost plan to see estimated spending.
Estimate whether grocery delivery or shopping in person is cheaper once fees, fuel, and time are considered.
Determine gross profit margin by comparing revenue to cost of goods sold.
Compute the gross rent multiplier and annualized return for rental properties using purchase price and rent data.
Divide trip costs evenly among travelers and plan contributions ahead of time.
See if a monthly gym membership saves money compared to drop-in fees by entering your visit frequency and pricing.
Evaluate long-term fitness expenses by comparing gym membership fees to the amortized cost of building a home gym.
Approximate repair costs from hail storms based on roof size, material, and hail severity.
Compare a high deductible health plan with HSA against a traditional PPO plan by modeling premiums, deductibles, and out-of-pocket expenses.
Estimate monthly health insurance premiums based on age, tobacco use, dependents, region, and coverage tier.
Estimate yearly maintenance needs for heavy machinery. Input daily hours of operation, annual workdays, service interval hours, and typical service cost.
Estimate monthly payments when drawing from a home equity line of credit. Enter the draw amount, annual rate, and repayment months to see what you owe.
Compare monthly payments and total interest when borrowing equity through a HELOC versus a cash-out refinance.
See the difference between a home equity line of credit and a home equity loan. Estimate payments, total interest and choose the best option.
Compute the Hessian matrix of a function of two variables at a specific point using symbolic differentiation.
Calculate your home affordability with our easy-to-use calculator. Enter your income, debts, down payment, interest rate, and loan term to find out how much house you can afford.
Estimate typical closing costs for a home purchase by entering price, loan amount, interest rate, and fee percentages.
Estimate the cost to build a new home by entering square footage, material and labor costs per square foot, permit fees, land price, and contingency.
Estimate home equity, loan-to-value ratio, and net proceeds after closing costs to plan refinancing or selling decisions.
Compare the long-term cost of building a home gym with paying monthly gym dues. See how equipment, maintenance, and membership fees add up.
Calculate your potential home office tax deduction using the area method. Enter your office size, total home size, rent, and utilities.
Determine whether owning a printer or using a print shop is cheaper based on your printing volume and supply costs.
Estimate material, labor, and permit expenses for your next remodel with this home renovation budget calculator. Learn tips to manage costs and avoid surprises.
Determine the potential return on investment for your home renovation project. Enter costs, estimated value increase, and annual savings to gauge your ROI.
Calculate how much cash you'll receive after selling a house by subtracting commissions, closing costs, and remaining mortgage balances.
Estimate the return on investing in soundproofing materials. Input project cost, property value increase, and annual quality-of-life value.
Compare lodging costs between traditional hotels and vacation rentals by entering nightly rates and extra fees.
Convert your hourly wage into annual, monthly, or weekly salary equivalents with this Hourly to Salary Calculator. Includes explanation of formulas and a detailed guide.
Estimate house cleaning costs from square footage, bedrooms, bathrooms, frequency, and extras. Explore pricing formulas and sample rate tables.
Analyze potential profits on house flips. Enter purchase, renovation, holding, and selling details to see expected gain or loss.
Estimate profit and return on investment for your next fix-and-flip project with this House Flipping Profit Calculator.
Estimate your Health Savings Account contributions, remaining limits, and potential tax savings using current IRS guidelines.
Evaluate health savings account versus flexible spending account benefits based on your expenses, contributions, tax rate, and investment growth.
Convert HTML snippets to Markdown quickly and privately in your browser. Paste your HTML and get clean Markdown for documentation or note taking.
Approximate potential property damage from different hurricane categories to help plan insurance and emergency funds.
Estimate travel, lodging, and supply expenses when evacuating ahead of a hurricane or tropical storm.
Compare upfront price and fuel savings to find how many years it takes a hybrid to pay for itself.
Estimate the startup and monthly costs for a hydroponic garden. Enter equipment, nutrient, and electricity expenses to see the total investment.
Find dy/dx for equations defined implicitly by F(x,y)=0. Uses numerical partial derivatives and provides a comprehensive explanation of the implicit differentiation technique.
Estimate your income percentile within the U.S. distribution using a simple interpolation model.
Estimate your U.S. federal income tax by applying progressive tax brackets. Enter your taxable income to see your total tax and effective rate.
Compute Indian Goods and Services Tax for any rate slab and see the CGST, SGST, or IGST breakdown.
Estimate the cost of improving indoor air quality with filters, purifiers, and HVAC servicing.
Estimate how inflation changes the value of money over time using compound calculations.
Estimate how annual inflation and raises affect your retirement contributions. Enter your monthly amount, expected investment return, inflation rate, and years to project.
Calculate possible out-of-pocket costs when a policy limit is below property value. Evaluate deductibles and coverage percentages.
Decide whether a high or low deductible insurance plan saves you more in the long run. Enter premiums, deductibles, and expected claims to see break-even points.
Evaluate your company's ability to meet interest obligations using the interest coverage ratio.
Compute theoretical forward exchange rates using covered interest rate parity and compare with quoted forwards to spot potential arbitrage.
Compare interest-only mortgage payments with standard amortizing payments to see how introductory periods affect long-term costs.
Calculate the estimated cost of moving overseas. Enter shipment volume, distance and fees to see your moving budget.
Estimate charges for using mobile data outside your home country. Enter data usage, plan type, and cost per unit to see roaming fees.
Compare the cost of subscribing to a backup internet connection with the potential revenue lost during outages.
Determine when to reorder products by calculating the optimal inventory reorder point using demand, lead time, and safety stock.
Determine how efficiently stock is sold by calculating inventory turnover and days sales of inventory.
Estimate how expense ratios and advisory fees reduce your portfolio's future value. Compare balances with and without fees.
Calculate how much to charge clients for overdue invoices. Enter the amount owed, days late, and annual interest rate to compute the late fee.
Estimate how late payments impact your cash flow by calculating the interest lost when clients miss due dates.
Estimate your maximum IRA contribution for traditional or Roth accounts in 2024 based on age, income, and filing status. Includes detailed explanation with MathML and reference tables.
Project the total cost of in vitro fertilization by tallying cycle fees, medications, testing, storage, travel, and optional insurance coverage.
Compute the 2x2 Jacobian matrix of two functions of two variables using symbolic differentiation.
Compare two job offers by weighing salary, bonuses, benefits, and commute costs. Make an informed decision about career moves.
Convert JSON objects to YAML notation directly in your browser. This developer utility runs offline for fast, private data transformations.
Estimate annual time and money saved by using keyboard shortcuts instead of mouse actions.
Estimate the kiddie tax owed on a child's unearned income using current IRS thresholds.
Project how much children can save by setting aside part of their allowance each week. See how consistent saving builds a nest egg.
Estimate the total cost of refacing kitchen cabinets by entering dimensions, material prices, and labor.
Estimate countertop surface area and cost by entering section dimensions, cutouts, and material pricing. Uses client-side JavaScript for instant results.
Estimate total costs for a kitchen renovation. Enter line items like cabinets, appliances, and labor to see how they add up.
Estimate laminate flooring planks, boxes, and cost by entering room dimensions, plank size, waste allowance, and price per square foot.
Estimate annual earnings from language tutoring by entering your hourly rate, weekly hours, weeks per year, and platform fees.
See how much productivity you regain by replacing a failing laptop battery and how quickly that pays off.
Evaluate seasonal lawn care expenses and break-even points between doing it yourself and hiring a service.
Compute septic leach field area and trench length from bedrooms, daily flow and soil loading rate with optional cost estimate.
Wondering whether to lease or buy your next car? Our Lease vs. Buy Calculator helps you compare total costs to make the smartest financial decision.
Calculate how quickly new LED bulbs pay for themselves versus older incandescent or CFL lights.
Estimate the total cost of LEGO bricks for a custom project. Enter the number of pieces and average price per brick to stay on budget.
See how a pot of leprechaun gold grows over time with magical interest. Enter starting coins, annual growth rate, and number of years.
Calculate your life insurance needs with our easy-to-use calculator. Enter your annual income, debts, and future expenses to find the right coverage amount.
Estimate annual term life insurance premiums by entering age, gender, coverage amount, term length, and health class. Understand underwriting factors, pricing formulas, and strategies to reduce costs.
Compute the hourly wage needed to cover essential expenses based on your budget and work hours. Includes detailed explanation, MathML formulas, and example tables.
Evaluate whether running a language model locally costs less than calling a hosted API by weighing token volumes, hardware expense, and electricity usage.
Estimate how much your large language model queries will cost by entering token counts and pricing tiers.
Generate a full amortization table for any loan amount, rate, and term without external tools.
Compare monthly payments and total interest for two loan options. Enter principal, rate, and term to see which loan is more affordable.
Estimate how additional monthly payments can shorten your loan term and reduce total interest paid.
Determine the loan-to-cost ratio for development projects by comparing the loan amount to total project cost.
Find your loan-to-value ratio when buying or refinancing a property. Enter the loan amount and property value to see the LTV percentage.
Estimate potential out-of-pocket expenses for extended care by factoring policy benefits, premiums, and inflation.
Analyze whether taking the lump sum or the annuity provides more value for a lottery jackpot after taxes and discounting.
Calculate the net amount you'll keep from lottery winnings after federal and state taxes using this Lottery Tax Calculator.
Generate a MACRS depreciation schedule for business assets using the half-year convention. Includes extensive explanation, formulas, and example tables.
Estimate the stock price that would trigger a margin call using this Margin Call Calculator.
Calculate the margin of safety by comparing intrinsic value to market price to evaluate investment opportunities.
Determine equilibrium price and quantity using linear supply and demand equations.
Convert between markup and margin, compute selling price from cost, and understand profit metrics for pricing decisions.
Estimate the marriage tax penalty or bonus by comparing combined federal income tax when filing jointly versus separately.
Estimate how much income you'll receive during maternity or parental leave with this simple calculator.
See whether meal kits or grocery shopping is cheaper over time. Enter per-meal costs, number of weekly meals, and length of subscription.
Compare the weekly and monthly costs of meal kit subscriptions against buying groceries for home-cooked meals.
Compare the cost of preparing meals at home to ordering takeout. Discover how much you can save each week.
Determine how much of your unreimbursed medical expenses you can deduct from your taxes using this Medical Expense Deduction Calculator.
Estimate total costs for Medicare Advantage and Medigap plans including premiums and expected out-of-pocket expenses.
Estimate your Medicare Part B and Part D premiums including any Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount (IRMAA) surcharges based on your filing status and modified adjusted gross income.
Calculate the true cost of your meetings. Enter attendees, salaries, and duration to see how much your meetings really cost your company.
Estimate available after-tax 401(k) contribution space for executing the mega backdoor Roth strategy. Includes formulas, detailed explanation, and contribution tables.
Estimate potential mesothelioma settlement amounts by combining medical costs, lost wages, pain multipliers, cancer stage factors and family adjustments.
Estimate how small recurring contributions compound over time. Enter your starting amount, weekly deposit, annual return, and years to project future value.
See how much you can save by replacing high-rate short-term loans with community microloans. Enter loan amount, rates, and term to estimate savings.
Estimate how much military leave you have earned and how much you must use or lose by the end of the fiscal year.
Compute an estimate of monthly military pay by combining base pay, housing allowance, subsistence allowance, and special duty pay.
Estimate monthly military retirement pay using years of service, average basic pay, and retirement system type.
Project how long it takes to accumulate one million dollars based on current savings, monthly contributions, and investment return.
Estimate the Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) for a series of cash flows using separate finance and reinvestment rates.
Run a simplified Monte Carlo simulation to estimate how long your retirement savings may last under varying market returns.
Create a balanced budget by comparing your income to expenses in key categories.
Estimate the annual percentage rate (APR) of a mortgage by factoring in interest, points, and closing costs.
Estimate monthly escrow payments for property taxes and homeowners insurance alongside your mortgage principal and interest.
Calculate the tax deduction and savings from mortgage interest payments under current U.S. rules with this Mortgage Interest Deduction Calculator.
Estimate how much interest you can save by making extra monthly payments on your mortgage. See the new payoff date and total savings.
Calculate your monthly mortgage payment with our easy-to-use Mortgage Payment Calculator. Get started now!
Estimate how extra monthly payments shorten your mortgage and cut total interest. Explore payoff dates, savings, and amortization insights.
Compare the long term impact of using extra cash to pay down your mortgage early versus investing those funds. Includes detailed formulas, tables, and extensive discussion.
Estimate monthly private mortgage insurance (PMI), initial loan-to-value ratio, and the month when PMI can be cancelled.
Compare mortgage costs with and without paying discount points. Calculate monthly payment differences and the break-even time for upfront fees.
Estimate how much your lender may charge if you pay off your mortgage early. Understand whether prepaying saves money.
Estimate how a one-time mortgage payment can lower your future monthly payments. Find out the interest savings from recasting your loan.
Estimate how many months it takes to recover refinancing costs based on your current mortgage, new rate, and closing fees.
Calculate your potential savings with our Mortgage Refinance Calculator. Enter your current loan details and new loan terms to see if refinancing is worth it.
Evaluate whether your budget can handle higher mortgage rates. Enter loan details and income to see how a stress interest rate affects your payment to income ratio.
Estimate the total cost of your move including truck rental, movers, fuel, supplies, and more with this Moving Cost Calculator.
Compute mulch volume, bag counts, and project cost from bed dimensions and depth.
Convert the yield on a tax-exempt municipal bond into its taxable equivalent using your federal, state, and local tax rates.
Estimate whether a museum membership pays for itself. Input ticket costs, planned visits, and discounts to see your break-even point.
Estimate your investment growth with our Mutual Fund SIP Calculator. Calculate how much wealth you can build through systematic investments.
Evaluate long-term after-tax returns of investing in a mutual fund versus an exchange-traded fund (ETF) by modeling expense ratios and capital gains distributions.
Calculate how much each family owes when sharing a nanny. Enter hourly rate, weekly hours, supplies, and number of families.
Evaluate leverage by comparing net debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
Compute the true monthly cost of a lease by factoring in free months, concessions, and fees.
Calculate annual net operating income (NOI) from rental revenue, vacancy rate, and operating expenses.
Compute net profit margin to evaluate overall profitability by comparing net income to revenue.
Calculate the gas and fiat cost of minting NFTs by entering gas price, gas limit, token count, and ETH price.
Estimate annual productivity and wage losses from digital notifications and context switching.
Compute net present value and internal rate of return for up to five years of cash flows to assess investment profitability.
Estimate the return on investment of an online course by comparing tuition costs with expected salary increases.
Compute the operating expense ratio to determine how efficiently a rental property converts income into net operating profit.
Compute the degree of operating leverage using sales, variable costs, and fixed costs.
Measure operating efficiency by comparing operating profit to revenue with this operating profit margin calculator.
Calculate the future value of money spent today instead of invested, and understand the opportunity cost of purchases.
Calculate option delta, gamma, theta, vega, and rho using the Black-Scholes framework to understand risk exposures.
Compute theoretical prices for European call and put options using the Black-Scholes formula. Learn how volatility, interest rates, and time to expiration affect option premiums.
Evaluate potential profit or loss for call and put options. Enter trade details to see break-even points and outcomes at expiration.
Estimate overseas Cost of Living Allowance (COLA) using location index, dependents, and base pay.
Compare the yearly cost of paying overtime to current employees against hiring a new full-time worker with benefits. Enter wages, overtime hours, and salary data to make staffing decisions.
Determine how many gallons of paint you need and the total cost for an interior room.
Estimate wall and ceiling paint area, gallons needed, and project cost including multiple coats and openings.
Determine how much you'll spend on parking by entering hourly rates, daily maximums, and total days. Learn strategies to save money on parking.
Compare the cost of buying a parking permit against the expected cost of occasional fines based on ticket probability.
Estimate the expected yearly cost of parking tickets and compare it to the price of a parking permit.
Figure out how much capital you need to invest to reach your desired monthly passive income with this Passive Income Target Calculator.
Quantify the time and money saved by using a password manager compared to manual logins.
Approximate patent infringement damages by comparing lost profits, infringer profits, reasonable royalties and willfulness multipliers.
Determine paver quantity, base materials, and total cost for a patio or walkway based on area, paver size, gaps, and waste.
Decide whether to pay cash or finance a car by comparing loan costs with potential investment returns.
Compare the benefit of using extra money to pay down debt versus investing it for future growth. Evaluate interest savings and potential investment returns.
Calculate your new salary after a raise. Enter your current salary and raise percentage to see how much you'll earn.
Estimate the payback period for an investment by entering an initial outlay and a series of cash inflows.
Compute net pay from gross wages by factoring in federal tax, Social Security, Medicare, and personal deductions.
Estimate payday loan repayment amounts and equivalent APR from loan amount, fees, and term. Understand the high cost of short-term borrowing.
Calculate PayPal fees for domestic or international payments and learn how much you will receive after charges.
Estimate employer payroll taxes including Social Security, Medicare, FUTA and SUTA to understand true labor costs.
Estimate authorized household goods weight for a Permanent Change of Station move based on rank and dependency status.
Estimate returns from peer-to-peer lending by combining monthly contributions, interest rate, and default risk.
Determine the PEG ratio by dividing a stock's P/E by its expected growth rate to assess valuation relative to growth.
Forecast annual pension benefits based on years of service, final salary, and a defined benefit multiplier.
Compare the present value of annuity payments against a one-time lump sum to decide how to receive your pension.
Estimate wood quantities and budget for a rectangular pergola based on span dimensions, spacing, and material pricing.
Estimate your yearly carbon emissions from travel, home energy, and diet to see if you stay within a personal carbon budget.
Use our Personal Injury Compensation Calculator to estimate your settlement amount. Enter your medical expenses, lost wages, and pain & suffering to see your potential compensation.
Use our Personal Injury Settlement Calculator to estimate how much your accident or injury claim could be worth based on medical expenses, lost wages, and more.
Estimate the lifetime costs of adopting a new pet, including food, vet bills, and everyday supplies.
Estimate how much you should set aside each month to handle unexpected veterinary expenses. Enter your pet's details and financial preferences.
Calculate travel, lodging, food, and donation expenses to plan your pilgrimage budget.
Compare pizzas by calculating area, cost per square inch, and cost per slice to find the best value.
Calculate portfolio beta and alpha using lists of returns for both portfolio and benchmark.
Compute buy and sell orders needed to rebalance an investment portfolio to your desired allocation.
Compare locking in a prepaid college tuition contract against investing in a 529 plan with expected market returns and tuition inflation.
Compare the true monthly cost of prepaid and postpaid mobile phone plans by accounting for data usage, taxes, and overage fees.
Compute price elasticity of demand using the midpoint formula to gauge consumer response to price changes.
Evaluate the price-to-book ratio using share price and book value per share.
Compute a stock's P/E ratio by entering share price, net income, and shares outstanding to derive earnings per share and valuation multiples.
Compare a company’s market value to its revenue by entering share price, revenue, and shares outstanding.
Calculate printing expenses by entering cartridge price, pages per cartridge, and expected monthly pages. Understand your real cost per page.
Figure out the true cost of each printed page by entering cartridge prices, yields, and monthly volume. Client-side calculations help budget home and office printing.
Estimate monthly private mortgage insurance premiums by entering home price, down payment, credit score tier, and loan term. Learn how PMI rates vary with loan-to-value and strategies to cancel coverage.
Estimate potential product liability settlements from medical costs, lost wages, property damage, pain multipliers, defect type and punitive factors.
Estimate total expenses from recalling a product, including retrieval, replacement, and overhead costs.
Estimate the return on investment for earning a professional certification based on study costs and expected salary increase.
Evaluate investment desirability by comparing discounted cash inflows to initial outlay with this profitability index calculator.
Calculate your property investment returns with our easy-to-use ROI calculator. Enter purchase price, down payment, loan terms, rental income, and expenses to see your cash flow and ROI.
Estimate yearly property taxes by entering home value, assessment ratio, exemptions, and local mill rate. Learn how property taxes are computed and where the money goes.
Forecast property tax bills by projecting assessed value increases and local tax rates over several years.
Estimate the probability of large metric fluctuations within a region by modeling quantum foam activity using region size, observation time, and a fluctuation suppression factor.
Calculate how much rainwater you can harvest from your roof based on area, rainfall, and collection efficiency.
Estimate how quickly a rainwater catchment system pays for itself. Enter installation costs, annual water capture, and water rates.
Compute real estate agent commissions and estimate net proceeds from a property sale by entering the sale price and commission rates.
Use the Real Interest Rate Calculator to see how inflation erodes nominal returns and discover the true growth of your money.
Estimate the total cost and calorie content of a recipe by entering ingredient prices, quantities, and calories per serving.
Rate how well two partners align across communication, interests, lifestyle, and values. Get a quick compatibility percentage based on your responses.
Calculate the total investment needed for cameras, microphones, lighting, and software when setting up remote job interviews.
Estimate how working remotely in multiple states affects your state income tax burden. Enter income, days worked in each state, and tax rates to see your estimated taxes.
Estimate when energy savings and incentive credits repay your renewable system.
Gauge the maximum monthly rent you can comfortably afford by factoring in income, debt obligations, and standard housing ratios.
Calculate new rent payments after an increase and see how the change affects your monthly and annual budget.
Use our Rent vs Buy Calculator to compare the long-term costs of renting versus buying a home. Enter your details to see which option is more financially beneficial.
Project monthly cash flow for a rental property by factoring in rent, expenses, mortgage payments and vacancy rate.
Estimate yearly depreciation deductions for residential or commercial rental real estate using the straight-line method.
Estimate annual return on equity by comparing net operating income with current equity in your rental property.
Compute rental yield, net operating income, and capitalization rate to analyze rental property performance.
Estimate recommended personal property and liability coverage for renters insurance. Enter your belongings value, liability needs, deductible, and risk factor to project monthly premiums.
Estimate monthly and annual Reserve or National Guard drill pay from rank, service, and number of training periods.
Compute retaining wall block counts and material cost from wall dimensions and block size.
Estimate the age when your savings will let you retire. Enter your current savings, contributions, and expected returns to see when you can reach your goal.
Project future years your retirement savings will last based on withdrawals, investment return, and inflation.
Estimate your retirement savings with our Retirement Savings Calculator. Plan your financial future today!
Calculate return on assets by comparing net income to average total assets.
Compute return on equity by comparing net income to average shareholders' equity.
Measure how efficiently a company generates after-tax operating profit from its debt and equity capital.
Compare initial cost and final value to compute ROI percentage and compound annual growth rate.
Determine how many shopping trips it takes for a reusable bag to pay for itself compared to disposable bags.
Estimate monthly diaper costs and see how reusable cloth options compare to disposables over time.
Calculate how long it takes for a reusable bottle to pay for itself compared to buying single-use plastic bottles.
Estimate how much cash you could access from a reverse mortgage by entering home value, age, interest rate and existing liens.
Estimate received power for a wireless link using transmit power, antenna gains, and path loss. Learn how each factor affects communication reliability.
Estimate total lodging expenses for a road trip using nightly rates, taxes, and additional fees.
Estimate how much fuel your next road trip will require and how much it will cost. Enter distance, efficiency, and price to plan your budget.
Estimate toll expenses for your next road trip based on distance and toll rates.
Compute the estimated price of replacing a roof including materials, labor, tear-off, disposal, permits, and contingency using this Roof Replacement Cost Calculator.
Calculate roof area, shingle bundles, and material cost based on roof dimensions, pitch, waste factor, and bundle price.
Model a multi-year Roth conversion ladder to access retirement funds early while managing taxes.
Estimate taxes owed when converting a traditional IRA to a Roth. Enter balances, tax rate, and projected growth to see if a conversion makes sense.
Analyze whether Roth or traditional 401(k) contributions leave you with more after-tax money in retirement by modeling growth and tax rates.
Estimate the after-tax value of Roth and Traditional IRA contributions to determine which account type may yield more for retirement given your tax assumptions.
Estimate ordinary income and capital gains taxes on restricted stock units. Enter shares, vesting price, sale price, and tax rates to see your after-tax proceeds.
Use the Rule of 72 Calculator to estimate how long it takes an investment to double or what interest rate is required. Enter any two values to solve for the third.
Compare total taxes for a sole proprietor and an S corporation election by entering business income, salary, tax rates, and admin costs to gauge potential savings.
Calculate how long you need to save to afford a sabbatical. Enter desired monthly budget, length of leave, and current savings.
Estimate a sustainable retirement withdrawal plan with our Safe Withdrawal Rate Calculator. Discover how much you can withdraw each year without depleting your savings.
Project your future salary with annual raises and inflation adjustments using this Salary Growth Projection Calculator.
Calculate your take-home pay after taxes and deductions with our Salary Tax Calculator. Get a clear picture of your net income.
Convert annual salary to hourly wage or calculate yearly pay from an hourly rate. Adjust hours per week and weeks per year for accurate income planning.
Calculate commission pay by entering total sales, commission rate, and optional base salary with this simple Sales Commission Calculator.
Calculate sales tax for purchases or find the pre-tax price given the total. Enter any price and tax rate to determine the tax amount and final cost.
Figure out how much you need to save each month to reach your goal. Enter your target amount, current savings, and time frame to see your required monthly savings.
Figure out how long it will take to reach a savings goal with regular contributions and interest. Enter your target amount, current balance, monthly deposit, and expected return.
Calculate your personal savings rate and annual savings based on income and expenses.
Determine the financial return on a scholarship by comparing tuition costs with your expected salary after graduation.
Calculate the melt value of scrap gold jewelry by entering weight, purity, and market price.
Calculate the potential value of scrap metal by entering weights and market prices for common metals like aluminum, copper, brass, and steel.
Estimate a Selective Reenlistment Bonus by multiplying monthly base pay by the SRB multiplier and years of reenlistment.
Project the total and per-square-foot cost of renting a self storage unit over time including insurance and fees.
Estimate the storage unit size you need based on household items and box count. Learn tips for packing efficiently and saving money on self storage.
Compute self-employment tax on net earnings including Social Security and Medicare components. See how W-2 wages affect the calculation.
Plan your freelance or contractor tax payments with this Self-Employment Tax Withholding Planner. Enter income, expenses, and tax rate to see how much to set aside each quarter.
Calculate how much you earn from each sale when self-publishing, factoring in retailer fees and print costs.
Determine recommended septic tank volume and cost based on bedrooms, occupants, and water use.
Project the future value of U.S. Series I savings bonds using purchase amount, fixed rate, semiannual inflation rate, and holding period.
Calculate monthly costs for serverless functions such as AWS Lambda or Google Cloud Functions. Enter invocation count, memory, runtime, and pricing to project your bill.
Estimate severance pay based on salary, years of service, unused vacation, and extra bonuses. Understand how different policies influence layoff packages.
Estimate total cost and hours required for a sewing project using fabric yardage, notions, and pattern complexity.
Compute monthly Servicemembers' Group Life Insurance premiums with optional Family SGLI coverage for spouse and children.
Compute the Sharpe ratio using investment returns, risk-free rate, and volatility to evaluate performance.
Calculate the effective price increase when product sizes shrink but prices stay the same, and project annual cost differences.
Project monthly and annual profits from your side hustle by factoring revenue, variable costs, fixed expenses, and taxes.
Estimate exterior siding area, panel counts, and material cost from house dimensions and openings.
Use our Simple Interest Calculator to find interest and total amount for any loan or investment. Enter principal, rate, and time to see results instantly.
Estimate the storage required to simulate a region of the universe at finite resolution.
Plan savings for a future expense by determining the monthly contribution required to reach your goal using a sinking fund.
Plan the full cost of a ski vacation by tallying lift tickets, lodging, equipment rental, and travel.
Determine whether your small business meets common lender requirements. Enter your revenue, credit score, and debt load to gauge loan readiness.
Estimate how your phone loses value over time. Enter purchase price, annual depreciation rate, years owned, and optional resale fee to see projected value and a yearly schedule.
Estimate the monthly cost of upgrading your smartphone on different schedules. Enter purchase price, expected resale value, and months between upgrades.
Calculate the real cost of smoking cigarettes over time. See how much money you could save by quitting smoking today.
Estimate the monthly cost of SMS marketing campaigns by combining subscriber counts, message frequency, and per-text pricing.
Estimate your potential Social Security monthly benefit using your expected retirement age, average earnings, and cost-of-living adjustments.
Calculate how long it will take for your solar panel investment to pay for itself. Enter installation costs, incentives, monthly savings, and expected energy price growth to see your payback period.
Use our Solar Panel Savings Calculator to estimate your monthly and annual savings, ROI, and break-even point from installing solar panels. Go solar and save big!
Estimate the maximum Solo 401k contribution based on self-employment income, age, and business type. Includes detailed explanations, formulas, tables, and examples.
Compute the Sortino ratio to measure risk-adjusted return using downside deviation.
Compare the daily and monthly cost of warming a room with an electric space heater against running a central gas furnace.
Balance solar array output, battery storage, and subsystem loads to evaluate power margin and eclipse survival.
Estimate how much you can save by rounding each purchase up to the nearest dollar or custom amount.
Compute the final price when multiple percentage discounts and sales tax are applied in sequence.
Estimate recommended standby generator wattage from running and surge loads with optional cost projection.
Estimate how many months until your startup breaks even based on fixed costs, product pricing, and variable expenses.
Estimate the number of months your startup can operate before running out of cash. Input your starting balance, monthly expenses, revenue, and growth rates to plan ahead.
Compare a second parent's after-tax income with childcare, commuting, and work-related expenses to see if staying home or working makes financial sense.
Compute your average cost per share after multiple stock purchases with this Stock Average Price Calculator.
Determine the cost to license a stock photo based on resolution, usage type, and duration of rights.
Compute stock trade profit, loss, and return on investment by entering buy and sell details.
Determine the new share count and price after a stock split or reverse split. Includes detailed explanation, formulas, tables, and examples.
Calculate the cost of stocking up on food, water, and gear for storm emergencies. Plan your home preparedness kit with ease.
Estimate potential savings from installing a storm shelter by weighing installation cost, damage probability, and event severity.
Estimate total costs for microphones, cameras, lighting and accessories so you can plan an affordable streaming setup.
Estimate the return on investment for sponsoring a live stream or series of streams by comparing audience reach, conversion rate, and cost.
Determine potential student loan forgiveness under income-driven repayment programs. Estimate monthly payments and remaining balance.
Estimate how much interest accrues on a student loan during the grace period before repayment starts.
Estimate monthly payments and forgiveness amounts under income-driven student loan plans using household size, income, and loan details.
Estimate your potential tax deduction for student loan interest based on income and filing status.
Calculate how long it'll take to pay off your student loans and how much you'll pay in interest. Adjust payments to see how you can become debt-free faster.
Compare current student loan payments to a refinanced loan to see monthly savings and total interest reduction.
Use our Student Loan Repayment Calculator to estimate your monthly payments, total interest, and total amount paid. Plan your financial future effectively.
Determine how often you must use a service for a subscription to be cheaper than paying per use.
Estimate how subscriber churn affects monthly revenue and visualize potential savings from retention efforts.
Summarize monthly and annual spending across diverse subscriptions by pasting plan details.
Determine sump pump flow rate requirements from basement dimensions and rainfall intensity.
Estimate monthly Survivor Benefit Plan premiums and survivor annuity based on covered base amount and coverage type.
Calculate estimated federal, state, and FICA deductions to see your net paycheck using this Take Home Pay Calculator.
Calculate the tax-equivalent yield of municipal bonds to see what a taxable investment must return to match a tax-free yield given your federal and state tax rates.
Measure potential tax savings from selling losing investments to offset gains and ordinary income.
Estimate your U.S. federal tax refund or balance due by entering income, deductions, credits and withholdings.
Calculate lodging and meal & incidental expenses per diem for temporary duty travel using sample location rates.
Estimate how much a vacant rental unit will cost in cleaning, repairs, and lost rent.
Compare the cost of renting a textbook to buying it new or used. Enter prices and resale value to see which approach saves you more.
Plan the monthly and yearly costs of counseling sessions, including insurance adjustments.
Plan your therapy expenses by calculating total out-of-pocket costs over time. Enter session price, frequency, coverage, and months.
Estimate monthly earnings from the TikTok Creator Fund and sponsored posts by modeling views, RPM and sponsorship rates.
Compute floor tile quantities, box counts, and budget using room size, tile dimensions, grout width, and waste allowance.
Add up daily work hours, account for breaks, and estimate weekly wages with this time card calculator.
Compute future value, present value, interest rate, or number of periods using this Time Value of Money Calculator.
Enter daily hours, pay rate, and overtime rules to compute total pay with this Timesheet Calculator.
Estimate land, materials, and labor costs for building a tiny home. Explore how square footage, finishes, and extras affect the total budget.
Calculate your tithe by entering income and donation percentage, with tips on budgeting for religious giving.
Estimate the potential costs of rebuilding, lodging, and lost wages following a tornado or severe storm.
Calculate total shareholder return from share price changes and dividends, with optional annualization.
Determine if buying a monthly transit pass saves money versus paying individual fares.
Project translation expenses by combining word counts, per-word rates, rush surcharges, and formatting fees.
Plan your trip with our Travel Budget Calculator. Estimate transportation, lodging, food, activities, and miscellaneous expenses for stress-free travel planning.
Estimate how much local currency you will receive after exchange rates and service fees.
Plan multi-city travel costs by factoring in transportation, lodging, food and activities. Calculate the total for your custom itinerary.
Convert credit card or loyalty program points into real dollar value. Enter the number of points and the estimated cent value to see what your rewards are worth.
Evaluate three foreign exchange rates to see if a risk-free triangular arbitrage profit exists and compute the potential return.
Project the future balance of Thrift Savings Plan contributions with optional BRS government matching.
Compare the cost per ounce or gram of different packages to stretch your grocery budget.
Estimate the price of soundproofing your living space. Add up window upgrades, insulation, and other improvements.
Estimate five-year costs for a used car by factoring purchase price, reliability rating, and expected annual repairs.
Predict how much your furniture is worth based on age, condition and desirability. Plan garage sales or online listings with confidence.
Combine multiple VA disability ratings and estimate monthly compensation based on 2024 rates.
Calculate the VA loan funding fee based on service history, down payment, and first or subsequent use.
Estimate lost income from vacant units and understand how vacancy rate affects your annual rental cash flow.
Estimate total vacation cost and cost per traveler by entering transportation, lodging, food, and activity expenses.
Estimate how many vacation hours or days you'll have by a future date. Enter accrual rate, pay periods, current balance, and plan your time away with ease.
Plan a monthly savings schedule to afford your dream vacation. Enter trip costs, current savings, and months to save.
Compute the potential maximum loss of a portfolio using historical volatility and confidence levels.
Easily calculate price with VAT added or removed. Enter the amount and VAT rate to find out the total or the tax portion.
Estimate your profit from reselling vintage clothing by accounting for purchase cost, cleaning, and marketplace fees.
Compare the total expenses of attending an event virtually versus traveling to the conference venue. Input travel, lodging, and registration costs to see which option fits your budget.
Calculate the total cost of visa applications by combining government fees, biometrics, courier charges, and optional services.
Compare annual vision insurance premiums and copays against the retail cost of exams and eyewear to see if coverage saves money.
Compute volcanic eruption column height from mass eruption rate and vent elevation using an empirical plume rise model.
Estimate the return on investment for upgrading your virtual reality headset or accessories.
Calculate the total cost of building a virtual reality home theater with headset, PC, and accessories.
Compute weighted average cost of capital using equity, debt, and tax rate to evaluate corporate finance decisions.
Estimate your monthly water and sewer bill by entering usage, rate tiers, and fixed fees with this Water Bill Calculator.
Project the total cost of a web scraping campaign by combining proxy fees, storage charges, and processing expenses.
Easily plan your wedding budget with our interactive calculator. Estimate venue, catering, attire, photography, and more based on your total budget and guest count.
Estimate lifetime costs of building a deck from wood or composite materials and see which option fits your budget.
The world's most advanced auto loan calculator makes it easy to analyze payments, interest, and payoff strategies.
Fully customize your mortgage payments with down payment, taxes, insurance, PMI, HOA fees and extra principal. View a detailed amortization schedule.
Estimate how many gallons and dollars you can save each year by replacing a traditional lawn with drought-tolerant xeriscaping.
Compare drop-in rates with multi-class packages to see how much you can save on yoga lessons.
Estimate how much you can earn from YouTube ads. Input views, CPM, monetized playbacks and revenue share to forecast your channel's potential income.
Plan your weekly shopping trips with a zero waste mindset. Estimate how much you can save by reducing food waste and single-use packaging.
Compute your A Body Shape Index using waist circumference, BMI, and height to gauge health risk beyond BMI.
Convert between HbA1c percentage and estimated average glucose (eAG) levels for better diabetes management.
Estimate your absolute neutrophil count (ANC) using white blood cell data to understand your immune status.
Complete the short ASRS questionnaire to screen for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Compute your U.S. Air Force fitness test score from push-ups, sit-ups, waist measurement, and 1.5-mile run time.
Estimate the probability of infection in a shared indoor space using the Wells-Riley equation.
Estimate the likelihood of experiencing altitude sickness based on elevation, ascent rate, and fitness level.
Calculate the anion gap from electrolyte values to evaluate metabolic acidosis risk.
Compute left and right ankle-brachial index values from systolic blood pressures to assess peripheral artery disease risk.
Design a taper schedule for stepping down antidepressant medication. Enter your starting dose, goal dose, taper duration, and adjustment frequency to see a recommended schedule.
Estimate the likelihood of antimicrobial resistance spreading in a community based on antibiotic usage, compliance, infection control, contact rates, and baseline prevalence.
Calculate a newborn's APGAR score from appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration values.
Estimate daily caloric needs for extreme cold weather trips based on temperature, distance, and pack weight.
Estimate body fat percentage using the U.S. Army tape test formulas and check compliance with age-based standards.
Estimate your Army Combat Fitness Test score from six event performances and learn how each component contributes to readiness.
Estimate daily arsenic intake from drinking water and rice consumption, compare it against reference dose, and categorize risk.
Estimate cumulative asbestos fiber exposure in fiber-years based on concentration, hours, days, and years.
Calculate the estimated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease using age, cholesterol, blood pressure and lifestyle inputs.
Assess alcohol consumption risk with the AUDIT questionnaire to screen for harmful drinking.
Estimate the likelihood of a sleep regression based on your baby's age, wakeups, and routine stability.
Discover the real cost of your bacon obsession. Calculate your bacon calories and the exercise needed to burn them off in a humorous, insightful way.
Calculate the basic reproduction number (R0) for an infectious disease using contact rate, transmission probability, and infectious period.
Estimate daily benzene intake from air concentration, breathing rate, and body weight to evaluate health risk.
Estimate your blood alcohol concentration with our BAC Calculator. Enter drinks consumed, body weight, and time to understand alcohol effects and stay safe.
Quickly gauge eligibility for whole blood donation based on age, weight, hemoglobin level and donation interval.
Determine your blood pressure category and see your mean arterial pressure. Enter systolic and diastolic readings to understand where you stand.
Convert blood sugar values between mg/dL and mmol/L instantly. Understand glucose units and see common conversions.
Check if donor and recipient blood types are compatible for transfusion using ABO and Rh rules. Understand antigen-antibody interactions and learn how universal donors and recipients work.
Estimate your total blood volume using the Nadler formula based on height, weight, and sex.
Estimate melatonin suppression from screen exposure based on brightness, duration, and blue light filtering.
Calculate your Body Mass Index (BMI) easily with our BMI calculator. Enter your weight and height to find out if you're underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.
Use this simple BMR calculator to estimate how many calories your body burns at rest each day. Learn about the Mifflin-St Jeor equation and how understanding your basal metabolic rate can guide healthy eating and fitness goals.
Calculate your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) quickly. Find out how many calories your body burns at rest to plan your diet and fitness goals.
Compute your Body Adiposity Index (BAI) using hip circumference and height. Learn how BAI compares to BMI and review classification tables for men and women.
Estimate your body fat percentage using the U.S. Navy Method. Enter your height, neck, waist, and hip measurements to get an accurate body fat estimate.
Estimate human body frame size from height and wrist circumference. Includes formulas, tables and guidance on interpreting results.
Calculate body surface area using the simple Mosteller formula. Enter your height in centimeters and weight in kilograms to see your BSA.
Calculate your total body water volume and percentage using the Watson formula. Helpful for athletes and anyone tracking hydration.
Estimate calories burned during boxing workouts by selecting intensity levels and entering your body weight and session duration.
Estimate daily calories for breastfeeding based on weight, height, age, activity level and months postpartum.
Calculate the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine to help evaluate hydration status and possible kidney issues.
Answer short questions to gauge your risk of job burnout and evaluate potential interventions.
Model residual caffeine before sleep using half-life decay to plan intake and rest timing.
Calculate how many calories you burn during exercise based on activity intensity, your weight, and duration.
Calculate a daily calorie target for losing weight safely. Enter your maintenance calories and desired deficit to see how many calories you should consume.
Calculate your daily caloric needs using the Calorie Intake Calculator. Determine your BMR and TDEE to maintain, lose, or gain weight effectively.
Estimate how many pieces of various candies you can eat before risking a stomach ache based on body weight and sugar content.
Evaluate a bank's capital adequacy ratio using Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital with risk-weighted assets.
Estimate carboxyhemoglobin levels from carbon monoxide concentration and exposure duration.
Determine cardiac output from heart rate and stroke volume using this simple cardiology tool.
Calculate daily protein and fat grams for a carnivore diet based on your calorie target.
Assess carpal tunnel syndrome risk from daily typing hours, breaks, and wrist posture.
Estimate your cat's Body Mass Index to help gauge whether they are underweight, ideal or overweight. Works entirely offline.
Estimate stroke risk in atrial fibrillation using the CHA2DS2-VASc score.
Determine maximum safe exposure time based on measured concentration and permissible limit.
Determine the indoor and outdoor space needed for your flock so chickens stay healthy and productive.
Estimate a child's body mass index percentile using age, sex, height, and weight to see growth chart position.
Estimate daily calorie needs for children based on age, sex, and activity level using dietary guidelines.
Calculate your child's daily screen time and see recommendations based on age and sleep patterns.
Generate a suggested timeline for routine childhood vaccines. Enter a birth date to see recommended dates.
Estimate Child-Pugh class for liver disease using bilirubin, albumin, INR, ascites, and encephalopathy levels.
Estimate cardiovascular risk by comparing your total cholesterol to HDL levels and reviewing guideline-based classifications.
Estimate circadian phase shifts from morning and evening light by comparing melanopic exposure levels.
Estimate how long it takes to adapt to a new time zone using circadian rhythm research. Plan light exposure and sleep shifts for smoother travel.
Use Clark's rule to estimate pediatric medication doses from a standard adult dose and the child's weight.
Estimate your annual premium for coastal flood insurance using property value, coverage amount, deductible, and local risk factors.
Estimate the risk of spilling coffee while walking by comparing your step rhythm to the natural sloshing frequency of a cup.
Calculate monthly and annual electricity costs for operating a cold plunge chiller. Enter wattage, daily runtime, and energy price to budget your cold therapy habit.
Estimate maximum lateral pressure from fresh concrete on vertical formwork based on pour height, placement rate, temperature, and slump.
Compare annual cost and plastic waste between daily disposable and monthly reusable contact lenses, including solution expenses.
Estimate the volume of iodinated contrast needed for diagnostic imaging based on patient weight, dosage rate, and concentration.
Adjust serum calcium levels for abnormal albumin using the standard correction formula and interpret ranges.
Compute the probability that cosmic rays will flip a memory bit over a given period. Explore how altitude, memory size, and soft error rate influence reliability.
Calculate how long a CPAP machine can run on a backup battery based on capacity, power draw, efficiency, and nightly usage.
Compute creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault equation to evaluate kidney function.
Calculate the CVSS v3 base score for security vulnerabilities by selecting metrics like attack vector, complexity, and impact.
Estimate calories burned during cycling based on distance, time, and body weight using MET intensity levels.
Determine recommended daily fiber grams based on caloric intake and track your meals against that goal.
Estimate your recommended daily iron intake based on age, sex, and life stage. Track dietary iron sources to see if you're meeting the target.
Estimate your optimal daily protein intake based on weight, activity level and fitness goals.
Determine recommended daily water intake based on weight, activity, climate, and altitude while assessing dehydration risk.
Estimate how much water you should drink each day. Enter your body weight to see a recommended daily water intake.
Estimate the likelihood that broadcasting signals attracts hostile attention in a hypothetical cosmic dark forest.
Plan your sodium intake per meal using DASH diet guidelines for healthier eating.
Estimate the likelihood of a data breach by entering workforce size, training frequency, security spending, and past incidents. Explore tips to reduce risk.
Plan gradual sleep schedule shifts before daylight saving time changes.
Find the dew point temperature using air temperature and humidity to gauge comfort and condensation risk.
Estimate your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by entering basic health information and lifestyle factors.
Convert eyeglass prescriptions from diopters to focal length and learn how lens power affects vision correction.
Estimate your dog's Body Mass Index to see whether they are underweight, ideal, or overweight. The tool works entirely offline with simple inputs.
Estimate the probability of dangerous micro-sleeps while driving based on sleep duration, time awake, time of day, and caffeine intake.
Model household dust mite population growth based on humidity, temperature, area, and cleaning interval.
Estimate how often déjà vu experiences might occur each month by combining age, sleep habits, stress level, and novelty of surroundings.
Assess postpartum depression symptoms using the 10-question Edinburgh scale.
Estimate when to swap your electric toothbrush head based on brushing habits and pressure.
Compare long-term costs of electric toothbrushes and manual brushes based on purchase price and replacement intervals.
Estimate calories burned on an elliptical trainer from stride length, cadence, resistance level, duration, and body weight. Includes detailed explanation of MET values.
Compute employee turnover percentage from separations and average staff levels to gauge retention health.
Calculate the optimal desk height for seated or standing work based on your body measurements. Discover ergonomic tips for monitor placement, chair adjustment, and healthy posture.
Determine your espresso extraction yield to fine-tune flavor. Enter dose, beverage weight, and total dissolved solids to calculate how much coffee you pulled from the grounds.
Project cumulative radiation dose inside a shelter after nuclear fallout using initial intensity, protection factor, decay half-life, and stay duration.
Estimate your Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) using body weight, height, and body fat percentage. Understand how your lean mass compares to common standards with this FFMI calculator.
Estimate liver fibrosis using the FIB-4 formula with age, AST, ALT, and platelet count to gauge potential scarring.
Estimate your daily fluoride intake from water, toothpaste, and other sources to compare with recommended limits.
Estimate your daily FODMAP load from common food groups to help manage irritable bowel syndrome.
Estimate safe holding times for foods in the temperature danger zone to reduce risk of bacterial growth.
Estimate daily inhaled dose of formaldehyde and compare it to reference dose guidance.
Estimate a simple frailty index by entering the number of health deficits present and the total factors evaluated.
Estimate 10-year coronary heart disease risk using the classic Framingham scoring model.
Estimate 10-year fracture probability using common FRAX risk factors to guide osteoporosis prevention.
Use air temperature and wind speed to estimate how quickly frostbite may occur in extreme cold.
Answer seven questions to calculate your Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) score and understand severity levels.
Estimate the glycemic load of your meals using glycemic index and carbohydrate grams.
Calculate the ventilation needs of your greenhouse based on its dimensions and air changes per hour. Optimize plant health with adequate airflow.
Compute daily hand-arm vibration exposure A(8) from tool acceleration and usage time to classify occupational risk.
Estimate microbial reduction from handwashing based on duration and soap efficacy.
Estimate major bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation patients using the HAS-BLED scoring method.
Calculate your health insurance subsidy under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Quickly estimate your monthly premium subsidy based on household income and family size.
Estimate calories burned during exercise using average heart rate, age, weight, and duration.
Determine personalized heart rate training zones using the Karvonen formula based on age and resting pulse.
Estimate heatwave severity by combining temperature and humidity into a heat index and see when conditions become dangerous.
Estimate calories burned during high-intensity interval training based on your weight, interval structure, and intensity levels.
Estimate calories burned on a hike from distance, elevation gain, and pack weight using MET-based equations.
Compute calories burned while doing household cleaning tasks based on weight, duration, and intensity.
Estimate the force output of a hydraulic cylinder from bore diameter, rod diameter, and fluid pressure. Learn how hydraulics transmit power in machinery.
Determine output force, pressure, and mechanical advantage of a hydraulic press using piston sizes and an applied input force.
Determine if ice is thick enough for walking, skating, or driving based on guideline tables.
Estimate ideal body weight using Devine, Hamwi, Miller, and Robinson formulas. See results in kilograms and pounds.
Answer ten questions to estimate your level of impostor feelings and understand how they impact your work and relationships.
Estimate the ionizing radiation received during airplane travel using altitude, flight duration and solar activity inputs.
Estimate annual radiation dose and lung cancer risk from indoor radon concentration and occupancy.
Project post-mitigation radon concentrations using air exchange rates, mitigation effectiveness, and time, then evaluate the probability of remaining above recommended limits.
Compare calories burned on a stationary bike versus riding outdoors. Adjust weight, speed, and duration to see how terrain and resistance impact results.
Answer seven questions to determine your Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score and see whether your sleep issues are mild or severe.
Estimate rapid-acting insulin doses using carb counts, current blood glucose, and correction factors.
Estimate your insulin sensitivity factor (ISF) using daily dose and common rules to fine tune correction boluses.
Calculate intravenous drip rate from volume, time, and drop factor for manual infusion sets.
Estimate calories burned while jumping rope by entering jumps per minute, duration, and body weight.
Determine your daily fat, protein, and carb targets for a ketogenic diet based on total calories.
Design a ketogenic meal plan by entering your calorie target and meal count to calculate fat, protein, and carb grams per meal.
Estimate how much kinesiology tape you need for a muscle or joint using measurement and stretch factor.
Measure and record contraction durations and intervals to gauge labor progress without ads or external scripts.
Estimate landslide risk by entering slope angle, soil type, rainfall intensity, and vegetation cover.
Estimate surface coverage of adsorbed molecules using the Langmuir isotherm based on pressure or concentration.
Estimate the probability of losing socks in the laundry over multiple loads and the expected number of lonely singles.
Estimate your low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol using the Friedewald formula from total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides.
Estimate daily lead intake from drinking water and compare to a health-based reference dose.
Plan carbohydrate, protein, and fat grams for a lean bulking diet using calorie targets and macro percentages.
Estimate your remaining years and projected age at death with this Life Expectancy Calculator accounting for lifestyle factors.
Estimate the annual probability of being struck by lightning using local storm data.
Estimate the loading dose needed to quickly achieve a target drug concentration using volume of distribution and bioavailability.
Break down your daily calories into carbs, protein, and fat. Enter your calorie target and macro percentages to get grams for each nutrient.
Calculate your USMC Physical Fitness Test score using pull-ups, crunches, and a 3-mile run. Learn how each event contributes to your Marine PFT total.
Track calories for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks to understand your daily energy intake.
Estimate how far a gas molecule travels between collisions using temperature, pressure, and molecular diameter.
Determine how long to smoke brisket, pork, ribs, chicken or fish and how much wood fuel you need based on weight and smoker temperature.
Compute medication dosage using patient weight and drug concentration. Always consult a healthcare professional before use.
Estimate remaining drug potency after expiration using time and storage temperature.
Calculate remaining medication level after a given time using half-life principles and plan dosing intervals.
Calculate daily macronutrient targets for a Mediterranean diet using typical calorie ratios for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Estimate the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score from lab values to gauge transplant urgency.
Compare annual costs of reusable menstrual cups with disposable pads or tampons to see long-term savings and environmental impact.
Estimate mercury intake from fish meals and compare to health guidelines.
Estimate your metabolic age by comparing your basal metabolic rate (BMR) to population averages. Enter age, gender, weight, and height to see how youthful your metabolism is.
Estimate your risk of metabolic syndrome by checking key health markers including waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose.
Project bone density over a space mission by combining baseline density, exercise regimen, drug effectiveness, gravity level, and mission duration.
Estimate required nanoparticle mass for targeted drug delivery based on patient weight and loading efficiency.
Discover the ideal nap length for optimal rest and productivity. Calculate the best time to nap without waking groggy using our Nap Duration Calculator.
Estimate your Navy Physical Readiness Test score using simplified models for push-ups, plank, and the 1.5-mile run.
Track net carbohydrate intake by subtracting fiber and sugar alcohols from total carbs. Useful for ketogenic or low-carb diets.
Calculate your personal net worth by tallying assets and subtracting liabilities.
Estimate daily nitrogen dioxide intake from air concentration, breathing rate, exposure time, and body weight to assess inhalation risk.
Determine how long you can safely stay in loud environments based on sound level.
Calculate daily noise dose and potential hearing loss risk based on sound level and exposure duration.
Determine non-HDL cholesterol by subtracting HDL from total cholesterol and learn why this number matters.
Create a custom nutrition facts label by entering grams of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Perfect for meal prep and recipe analysis.
Estimate cumulative noise dose and time-weighted average for up to three exposure levels using OSHA methodology.
Calculate your daily omega-3 to omega-6 intake ratio and learn why this balance is important for health.
Use our Ovulation Fertility Calculator to estimate your most fertile days and increase your chances of conception. Simple and easy to use.
Estimate inhaled ozone dose and hazard quotient from air concentration, breathing rate, exposure time, and body weight.
Determine daily macronutrient goals for a paleo diet based on your calorie target and preferred carb ratio.
Answer 20 questions to compute your PCL-5 score and gauge potential PTSD severity.
Estimate childhood weight and height percentiles using a simplified BMI approach. Ideal for parents and caregivers monitoring growth trends.
Create a personalized timeline of prenatal pediatric interviews and well-baby visits from birth through early childhood. Enter a due date or birth date to map out every pediatrician checkup.
Complete the 10-question Perceived Stress Scale survey to gauge how stressful you find situations in your life.
Estimate daily pesticide intake from water and food consumption and compare to reference dose with a hazard quotient.
Estimate your dog or cat's daily calorie requirements based on weight and activity level.
Estimate daily caloric requirements for dogs and cats based on weight, species, and life stage using veterinary nutrition formulas.
Estimate PFAS intake from drinking water and compare to health reference dose.
Calculate your PHQ-9 depression score to understand symptom severity and discuss results with a professional.
Calculate calories burned during Pilates sessions by selecting style, duration, and body weight.
Determine ideal pillow thickness based on body measurements and sleep position.
Determine the required thrust block area to resist pipe bend forces based on internal pressure, bend angle, pipe diameter and allowable soil bearing.
Calculate pressure drop in a pipe using flow rate, diameter, length, roughness, and fluid properties.
Complete the official PSQI questionnaire to evaluate sleep quality over the past month and receive a total score interpretation.
Create personalized polyphasic sleep schedules by dividing total sleep hours into multiple sessions. Explore common patterns and the math behind distributed rest.
Calculate recommended potassium intake based on age and sex and compare it with your current diet.
Estimate daily calorie requirements during pregnancy using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation, activity levels, and trimester-specific energy needs.
Estimate your baby's due date using the first day of your last menstrual period. Calculates conception and trimester milestones.
Estimate your pregnancy due date with our reliable calculator. Use your last menstrual period (LMP) or conception date to plan your journey to parenthood.
Track recommended pregnancy weight gain week by week based on your pre-pregnancy BMI and see if you're on target.
Compare monthly and annual costs of brand-name medications versus generic alternatives based on dosage and price per pill.
Convert pressures between pascals, bars, atmospheres, pounds per square inch and more with this online pressure converter.
Estimate prostate cancer risk using age, PSA level, and family history. Learn how screening factors combine into a risk score.
Estimate how much protein you should eat each day based on your body weight. Ideal for fitness planning and healthy dieting.
Calculate corrected QT interval (QTc) using Bazett and Fridericia formulas to evaluate arrhythmia risk.
Determine absorbed dose from radiation intensity and time of exposure. Learn about sieverts, health guidelines, and typical sources.
Calculate the material thickness required to reduce radiation intensity using the exponential attenuation formula.
Estimate lifetime lung cancer risk from indoor radon levels and smoking status using EPA guidance.
Compute mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) from blood count values.
Calculate your Relative Fat Mass (RFM) using height and waist measurements. Get a quick body composition estimate and learn how RFM compares to BMI.
Evaluate sliding and overturning safety factors for a gravity retaining wall subject to lateral earth pressure.
Estimate calories burned on an indoor rowing machine using your distance, time, and body weight. Learn about splits, stroke mechanics, and MET values.
Calculate total body surface area burned using the Rule of Nines method.
Estimate calories burned while running based on your distance, time, and body weight using research MET values.
Calculate the approximate ground reaction force generated with each running step using body weight, speed, and stride rate.
Answer a brief questionnaire to estimate your risk of seasonal affective disorder and explore strategies for brighter moods.
Estimate equivalent cigarette exposure and relative risk from secondhand smoke based on cigarettes nearby, room ventilation, and time.
Estimate time-weighted average respirable crystalline silica and cumulative exposure to understand occupational risk.
Estimate your skeletal muscle mass index using weight, body fat percentage, and height. Useful for athletes and fitness enthusiasts.
Assess your likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea using the clinically validated STOP-BANG questionnaire. Determine your risk category based on symptoms and measurements.
Discover optimal bedtimes based on your desired wake-up time. This Sleep Cycle Calculator helps you align with 90-minute sleep cycles for better rest.
Measure how much sleep you miss each week and plan recovery with this simple Sleep Debt Calculator.
Estimate how many days it will take to repay accumulated sleep debt by comparing required rest, actual sleep, and planned catch-up hours.
Estimate your nightly restfulness by entering sleep duration, awakenings, time to fall asleep, and snoring level. Discover tips to improve sleep hygiene.
Gauge your phone's battery health by entering charge cycles, age, and average temperature. Learn how usage patterns affect capacity over time.
Calculate smoking pack years from cigarettes per day and years smoked. Learn how pack years relate to lung disease risk and see risk categories.
Estimate the monthly cost of smoking cigarettes versus vaping e-liquid and devices.
Estimate potential health risks associated with prolonged social isolation by combining weekly interactions, network size, and hours spent alone.
Evaluate improvements in speech rate and disfluency reduction for speech therapy.
Compute stake distribution for two-outcome sports betting arbitrage opportunities using decimal odds.
Estimate calories burned while climbing stairs or using a stair-stepper by entering steps, step height, time, and body weight. Learn how step rate influences MET values and energy use.
Estimate extra calories burned each day by switching from sitting to standing. Enter your weight and standing hours to see the impact.
Convert your daily step count into distance traveled in miles and kilometers using stride length.
Estimate obstructive sleep apnea risk using the STOP-BANG questionnaire. Enter simple health data and learn how the score relates to sleep apnea severity.
Evaluate your mental tension with our Stress Level Calculator. Rate common stress factors and discover tips for managing stress.
Estimate relative dental caries risk from frequency of sugary snacks, brushing delay, fluoride use, and saliva neutralization.
Find out how long you can stay in the sun before burning by entering the UV index, your skin type, and sunscreen SPF. Learn tips to protect your skin and enjoy the outdoors.
Estimate calories burned while swimming using stroke type, duration, and body weight with MET values for popular strokes.
Calculate your target heart rate zones for optimal fitness and exercise intensity. Use our Target Heart Rate Calculator for personalized recommendations.
Estimate the total financial and time cost of telemedicine appointments compared to traditional office visits.
Calculate how many calories your body expends digesting meals based on protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake.
Compute hoop and longitudinal stresses for cylindrical or spherical thin-walled pressure vessels.
Estimate the probability of causing a temporal paradox during time travel experiments.
Calculate the recommended tire pressure based on temperature differences. Keep your tires properly inflated for safety and fuel efficiency.
Estimate daily calories burned using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation and activity multipliers, then explore nutrition strategies in an extensive guide.
Estimate calories burned on a treadmill by entering speed, incline, time and body weight.
Calculate the ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol to evaluate cardiovascular risk.
Estimate how long to expose a surface to a UV-C lamp to reach a target germicidal dose based on lamp power, distance, and desired dose.
Estimate potency loss and failure risk when vaccines experience temperature excursions using duration, temperature, and sensitivity.
Calculate safe outdoor minutes for vampires using sunlight intensity, sunscreen strength, and cloak coverage. A humorous yet handy guide for nocturnal beings.
Design a balanced vegan meal plan by calculating your daily carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake from calories.
Generate a simple pacing plan for your marathon training. Enter your goal finish time and number of weeks to get recommended pace adjustments.
Estimate calories burned while playing active VR games. Input your weight, session length, and activity intensity to see the total energy expenditure. Learn how to plan and monitor VR workouts.
Estimate the minutes of sun exposure needed for vitamin D based on skin type, UV index, and how much skin you expose.
Estimate your VO2 max using age and resting heart rate. Learn what VO2 max means and how it relates to cardiovascular fitness.
Estimate your risk of motion sickness when using a VR headset. Enter session length, frame rate, field of view, and your personal sensitivity.
Compute your waist-to-height ratio to evaluate health risks associated with central obesity.
Calculate your waist-to-hip ratio to evaluate central obesity and understand how body fat distribution influences health.
Estimate calories burned while walking based on distance, time, and body weight using research-based MET values.
Estimate a new weekly warfarin dose based on current INR and target INR. Always consult your clinician before changing medications.
Compute wet bulb globe temperature and evaluate heat stress risk using work-rest guidance.
Predict how long your smartwatch or fitness band will last on a charge based on capacity and usage.
Estimate calories burned during weight lifting sessions based on duration, body weight, and intensity using MET values.
Estimate your daily calorie deficit and potential weekly weight loss using this Weight Loss Calorie Deficit Calculator.
Estimate how long it may take to reach your goal weight based on a daily calorie deficit.
Calculate Weight Watchers style points from calories, fat, and fiber to plan meals within your daily allowance.
Use the Wells score calculator to evaluate the probability of deep vein thrombosis by selecting common clinical criteria.
Estimate how long you should rest after a workout based on intensity, duration, sleep, and nutrition.
Evaluate obsessive-compulsive disorder severity with the 10-item Y-BOCS questionnaire.
Estimate calories burned during yoga sessions by selecting style, duration, and body weight. Learn how different yoga practices translate to MET values and energy expenditure.
Calculate how long your yoga mat will last based on session frequency, intensity, and mat quality.
Convert daily calorie targets into Zone Diet blocks and macro grams for precise meal planning.
Solve small 0/1 knapsack problems by dynamic programming. Enter up to five items with weights and values plus a capacity to find the optimal selection.
Estimate interval entanglement entropy in a 1D conformal field theory using central charge, interval length, cutoff, and temperature.
Estimate dimensional shrinkage of 3D printed parts during annealing based on thermal expansion coefficients and temperature change.
Estimate tensile strength reduction in 3D printed parts from porosity, infill percentage, and build orientation, and evaluate failure risk against a required strength.
Calculate how much 3D printing filament is needed for a model by entering volume, material density, and filament diameter.
Find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a 3x3 matrix using the characteristic polynomial and cross products.
Determine whether your A/B experiment results are statistically significant with this easy-to-use significance calculator. Enter your visitors and conversions for two variants to get instant confidence levels.
Interactive abacus calculator that renders a soroban or suanpan on an HTML5 canvas. Drag beads, switch bases, export images, and learn the history and math of abaci.
Find the absolute humidity in grams per cubic meter from temperature and relative humidity. Understand how moisture content changes with weather.
Solve absolute value equations and inequalities of the form |ax + b| = c, providing all real solutions or intervals.
Analyze absorbing Markov chains by computing the fundamental matrix, expected steps to absorption, and absorption probabilities.
Convert between peak, peak-to-peak and root-mean-square values for sinusoidal voltages and estimate power dissipation in a resistive load.
Estimate the temperature of a thin accretion disk around a star or black hole from mass, accretion rate, and radius.
Compute the concentration of an acid or base solution at the equivalence point using titration volumes and molarity.
Compute pressure and intensity reflection coefficients when sound waves encounter an interface between materials of different acoustic impedance.
Convert acoustic intensity to decibel level using the standard reference value.
Estimate the temperature after adiabatic compression using initial state, pressure ratio and heat capacity ratio.
Estimate atmospheric temperature change with altitude using dry or moist adiabatic lapse rate assumptions.
Compute final pressure, volume, or temperature for an ideal gas undergoing an adiabatic change.
Explore crop yield reduction and energy gain when installing solar panels over farmland.
Evaluate the quantum phase acquired by a charged particle encircling a magnetic flux using the Aharonov–Bohm effect.
Estimate required compressor airflow and tank size from tool consumption and duty cycle.
Forecast when to clear an air conditioner's condensate drain based on humidity and runtime.
Compute air density from temperature, pressure, and humidity. Learn how weather conditions affect air mass and why it matters in aviation, HVAC, and science.
Compare hand drying costs and carbon impacts between electric air dryers and disposable paper towels.
Estimate pressure drop across an HVAC air filter using airflow rate and filter type.
Convert air fryer cooking instructions to conventional oven settings with detailed explanations.
Estimate how long an air purifier filter will last based on CADR and pollution levels.
Estimate the speed, travel range, and flight time of smoke rings from a homemade air vortex cannon using barrel size and push speed.
Project bookings and income for an Airbnb listing using occupancy rate, nightly price, and fees.
Estimate power from a crosswind kite system using kite area, lift coefficient, wind speed and efficiency.
Estimate aerodynamic lift force using air density, velocity, wing area, and lift coefficient. Helpful for pilots, engineers, and students studying flight.
Apply Aitken's delta-squared process to improve the convergence of a sequence.
Estimate negative energy requirements for an Alcubierre-style warp bubble.
Estimate the Alfvén wave speed in a plasma from magnetic field strength and mass density using the classic magnetohydrodynamic formula.
Compute common fairness metrics from confusion matrices to assess bias across groups.
Estimate the energy required to terraform an alien planet using size, target oxygen level, and years of preparation. Ideal for sci-fi world builders and curious astronomers.
Design comfortable habitats for unusual alien creatures by calculating enclosure volume based on creature size, count, and enrichment complexity. A whimsical tool for imaginative zoo keepers.
Convert metal hardness values among Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell scales using simple empirical relationships.
Design a classic Ames room by computing wall depths, floor slope, and apparent height ratios for spectators peering through a peephole.
Estimate time and storage for scanning photos or converting tapes using this offline planner with detailed explanations.
Evaluate pairwise comparisons and compute priority weights and consistency ratio using the Analytic Hierarchy Process.
Compute ground-plane coordinates that make a flat drawing appear upright from a chosen viewpoint for mind-bending anamorphic street art.
Estimate the pullout strength of a cast-in-place anchor bolt based on diameter, embedment depth, and concrete strength using simplified ACI concepts.
Estimate the localization length and conductance of a one-dimensional disordered chain using the Anderson model.
Determine the acute angle formed by two lines in standard form using pure browser-based calculations.
Determine the angle between two vectors in any dimension using the dot product formula.
Convert angles among degrees, radians, gradians, arcminutes, and arcseconds with this free angle converter.
Determine the angle of elevation or depression given a horizontal distance and height difference.
Compute the angle at which granular material begins to slide using the coefficient of friction or slope ratio.
Calculate angular momentum for a point mass or rigid body using mass, radius, velocity or moment of inertia and angular speed.
Solve for initial or final angular velocity or moment of inertia using I₁ω₁ = I₂ω₂.
Estimate the gestation length of mammals based on body mass using a simplified scaling model.
Calculate ideal antenna lengths for a given frequency. Supports quarter-wave and half-wave configurations with optional velocity factor.
Estimate true catastrophe rates accounting for anthropic selection effects.
Estimate serial dilution concentrations to find the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic in microbiology experiments.
Determine the final antibody concentration after serial dilutions by entering the starting titer, dilution factor, and number of dilution steps.
Estimate required matter and antimatter fuel masses, mass ratio, and energy release for a target delta-v using the relativistic rocket equation.
Compute the scale reading for a person in an accelerating elevator using N = m(g ± a).
Find out how much your appliances cost to run by entering wattage, hours of use, and electricity rate.
Calculate the energy consumption and cost of running home appliances based on wattage, usage hours, and electricity rate.
Estimate the payback period for replacing an old appliance with an energy-efficient model. Enter energy usage and costs to see savings.
Estimate how quickly dissolved oxygen in a pond will be depleted based on biomass and aeration capacity.
Numerically integrate the arc length of a function between two points.
Determine the cubic meters of earth to excavate for an archaeological trench or pit.
Compute wear volume using the Archard wear equation based on load, hardness, distance, and wear coefficient.
Convert area measurements between square meters, square kilometers, square feet, acres and more with this area converter.
Determine the nth term and sum of an arithmetic series using the first term, common difference, and number of terms.
Compute the arithmetic-geometric mean of two positive numbers and learn its surprising connections to elliptic integrals and fast numerical algorithms.
Calculate reaction rate constants using the Arrhenius equation. Determine how activation energy and temperature affect chemical kinetics.
Estimate fish carrying capacity of an artificial reef using volume, structural complexity and fish density.
Estimate required asphalt pavement thickness using the AASHTO 1993 flexible pavement design equation.
Compute the kinetic energy of an incoming asteroid from diameter, density and speed to gauge potential damage.
Estimate revenue, cost, and ROI for asteroid mining missions.
Estimate rotation period and structural limits for spinning an asteroid to create artificial gravity for habitats.
Estimate convective heat flux on a spacecraft's nose during atmospheric reentry using the Sutton–Graves relation.
Estimate the density scale height of an atmosphere using temperature, molar mass, and surface gravity.
Compute acceleration and rope tension for a classic Atwood machine given two masses.
Compute the autocorrelation function of a time series for user-specified lags.
Estimate an optimal transmission fluid change interval based on driving habits and conditions.
Use Avogadro's constant to convert between moles, molecules, and mass for any substance.
Estimate the expected signal power in an axion haloscope given magnetic field, cavity volume, quality factor and axion parameters.
Estimate the relic dark matter density from axion misalignment using the decay constant and initial angle.
Estimate the probability of axion–photon oscillations in a magnetic field using the Primakoff effect.
Evaluate B-spline basis functions for given knots, degree, and parameter.
Determine recommended formula amounts per day and per feeding based on your baby's weight and meal frequency.
Estimate the chance of a new inflating pocket universe forming via quantum tunneling using a thin-wall action.
Plan periodic backup generator test runs based on fuel type, age, and outage frequency.
Predict how a colony of bacteria expands over time. Enter the starting population, growth rate, and time to see the final count using an exponential model.
Analyze collisions with a ballistic pendulum to determine projectile speed, mass, or rise height using conservation of momentum and energy.
Estimate flight time, range, and peak height for a projectile based on launch speed and angle.
Explore the Banach–Tarski paradox by modeling mass duplication from a decomposed sphere.
Determine the ideal banking angle and safe speed range for a vehicle negotiating a circular turn using radius, speed, and friction.
Calculate the Hebrew and Gregorian date for a bar or bat mitzvah based on a birth date.
Determine how many weight plates to load on each side of a barbell to reach a target weight in pounds or kilograms.
Compute atmospheric pressure at a given altitude using the barometric formula and explore how pressure decreases with height.
Estimate flavor intensity from barrel aging using surface area to volume ratios, toast level, and time.
Compute barycentric coordinates of a point with respect to a triangle.
Estimate the water and energy cost of taking a bath versus a shower using tub volume, flow rate, and utility prices.
Estimate expected cycle life and years of service for rechargeable batteries from depth of discharge, rated cycles and usage habits.
Estimate remaining capacity and failure risk for repurposed batteries based on usage history.
Predict the remaining capacity of a battery after months in storage. Enter initial capacity, self-discharge rate, temperature, and time to estimate the charge left.
Estimate the probability of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway using charge rate, temperature, state of charge, and internal resistance.
Estimate battery state of charge from measured voltage for lithium-ion, LiFePO4, or lead-acid cells.
Apply Bayes' theorem to combine prior probability with new evidence and compute the posterior.
Relate critical temperature, superconducting gap, and coherence length using BCS theory.
Compute bending stress for beams by entering bending moment and section modulus, with tips for safe structural design.
Calculate midspan deflection for a simply supported beam with a central point load. Learn about Young's modulus, moment of inertia, and how loading affects structural stiffness.
Compute the allowable central point load for a simply supported beam using section modulus and allowable stress.
Calculate reaction forces and peak shear in a simply supported beam with a distributed load.
Estimate how much honey your beehive will produce based on frame counts and extraction efficiency.
Calculate the alcohol content of beer by entering original and final gravity readings. Learn how fermentation affects ABV and discover tips for improving your homebrew.
Estimate international bitterness units for your homebrew using hop weight, alpha acids, boil time, and final volume. Dial in the perfect level of bitterness.
Estimate the maximum entropy or information content that can be stored within a region using the Bekenstein bound.
Compute pressure differences and velocities in a flowing fluid using Bernoulli's principle. Explore energy conservation in liquids and gases.
Generate Bernoulli numbers using the Akiyama-Tanigawa algorithm.
Compute the geometric Berry phase acquired by a spin-1/2 particle undergoing adiabatic precession around a cone.
Evaluate the beta distribution's PDF and CDF for given parameters.
Compute the Beta function for positive inputs using the Gamma relation.
Evaluate density and cumulative values of the Beta Prime distribution.
Compute the stopping power of charged particles in matter using the Bethe–Bloch formula.
Plan how often to lubricate a bicycle chain based on mileage, weather, and riding conditions.
Estimate chain elongation from accumulated mileage and maintenance habits.
Determine the correct spoke length for your custom bike wheel by entering rim diameter, hub dimensions, and lacing pattern.
Compare the annual cost of owning a bicycle with subscribing to a bike share program.
Estimate the gravitational-wave driven merger time for two compact objects in a circular orbit.
Compute left and right ear frequencies required to generate a desired binaural beat for meditation or focus.
Compute PDF and CDF values for the binomial distribution.
Expand binomials of the form (ax + by)^n using the binomial theorem with a fully client-side calculator.
Estimate contaminant concentrations in aquatic organisms using water concentration and bioaccumulation factor inputs.
Estimate long-term carbon sequestration potential of biochar produced from biomass using carbon content, yield and stability factors.
Calculate the mass and volume of biochar required for a garden bed based on area, depth, soil bulk density and desired amendment percentage.
Estimate decomposition time for biodegradable plastics based on thickness, temperature, moisture and composting efficiency.
Estimate biogas and methane yields from anaerobic digestion using feedstock mass, volatile solids content, and specific gas yield.
Estimate probability of unauthorized access from false acceptances in biometric systems
Estimate probability of microbial contamination in a fermentation batch using sterilization efficacy, operator steps, and exposure time.
Calculate biomass or product output from a bioreactor using cell density, productivity, and volume.
Compute biorhythm cycles from your birth date to see physical, emotional, and intellectual peaks and troughs for any target day.
Estimate wing loading for birds based on weight and wing area to study flight characteristics.
Generate a simple astrological birth chart using your date, time, and place of birth. Discover your sun sign and rising sign with a detailed explanation of how these elements influence your personality.
Estimate the chance that at least two people in a group share the same birthday using the famous birthday paradox formula.
Compute the joint probability density and rectangular region probability for a bivariate normal distribution with given means, standard deviations, and correlation.
Estimate the Hawking evaporation time and temperature of a black hole from its mass using the quantum mechanical radiation formula.
Estimate Hawking temperature, Bekenstein entropy and the Hayden–Preskill scrambling time for a black hole of given mass.
Estimate the growth timescale of a scalar cloud around a spinning black hole due to the superradiant instability.
Estimate your chance of busting on the next hit and get basic strategy hints with this blackjack odds calculator.
Estimate the power extracted from a spinning black hole by magnetic fields via the Blandford–Znajek mechanism.
Estimate the electricity expense required to control over half a proof-of-work blockchain's hash rate for a chosen duration.
Calculate how much a solute raises the boiling point of a solvent using the formula ΔTb = i Kb m.
Estimate clamp force from bolt torque using a standard K factor. Understand how fastener preload works with practical examples.
Compute nominal and design shear strength of a structural bolt based on diameter, material strength, number of shear planes, and thread condition.
Estimate the fantastically tiny odds of a self-aware brain appearing from thermal fluctuations in a de Sitter universe.
Compute the Boltzmann factor e^(-E/kT) to evaluate the relative probability of a system occupying a higher energy state at a given temperature.
Estimate spherical accretion rates onto compact objects using the Bondi formula.
Plan ideal watering intervals for your bonsai tree by considering pot size, species, humidity, and temperature.
Estimate the number of pages your manuscript will produce based on word count and formatting preferences.
Estimate the cost of printing books by combining page counts, color ratios, copy quantities, and setup fees.
Estimate the spine width needed for perfect-bound books. Input page count and paper thickness to get an accurate measurement for your cover design.
Estimate how much weight a bookshelf shelf can hold before excessive sagging occurs using beam deflection theory.
Estimate the critical temperature for forming a dilute Bose–Einstein condensate given atomic mass and number density.
Estimate the critical temperature and phase-space density for Bose–Einstein condensation in a harmonic trap.
Compute occupation numbers for bosonic energy levels and estimate the critical temperature for Bose–Einstein condensation.
Estimate the mass and radius of noninteracting or self-interacting boson stars from particle mass and scattering length inputs.
Compute a simple Bouguer gravity anomaly using observed gravity, elevation, and rock density.
Estimate the weight of an irregular boulder using its dimensions and rock density. Useful for landscaping, construction, and geology projects.
Generate a five-number summary and simple box-and-whisker plot from raw data values using only your browser.
Explore Boyle's law by solving for final pressure or volume of a gas when the other changes at constant temperature.
Compute the travel time of a frictionless bead along the brachistochrone curve.
Determine diffraction angles using Bragg's law for crystallography and materials analysis.
Compute the γγ → e⁺e⁻ pair production cross section and threshold using the Breit–Wheeler formula.
Find the incidence angle where reflected light becomes perfectly polarized. Calculate using the refractive indices of two media.
Estimate the number of bricks and volume of mortar required for a masonry wall based on wall dimensions, brick size, and joint thickness.
Estimate local scour depth at bridge piers using the HEC-18 equation with pier width, flow depth, velocity, and correction factors.
Calculate exactly how much salt and sugar to use in your brine for meats and vegetables. Achieve consistent flavor every time.
Estimate the date of a brit milah based on the infant's birth date and time, accounting for births after sunset.
Model the buoyant ascent, volume, and translation speed of underwater bubble rings using simplified vortex ring physics.
Compute the buffering capacity of a weak acid/conjugate base system using the Henderson-Hasselbalch relation.
Calculate the pH of a buffer solution based on acid and conjugate base concentrations. Useful for biochemistry and molecular biology labs.
Compute bulk modulus, pressure change, or volume change for compressed or expanded materials using B = -ΔP/(ΔV/V).
Estimate vessel stability by calculating metacentric height from beam width and centers of gravity and buoyancy.
Determine the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object. Explore fluid density, displaced volume, and gravity.
Estimate project fragility by computing bus factor, expected knowledge loss, and downtime costs.
Determine the number of business days between two dates, excluding weekends and holidays.
Estimate how long butterfly eggs, larvae, and pupae take to develop based on ambient temperature.
Estimate the chance that someone will help in an emergency based on group size and individual willingness. Explore how the bystander effect influences collective action.
Compute points on a Bézier curve using De Casteljau's algorithm.
Estimate tension in a suspended cable given load, angle, and desired safety factor. Learn how geometry and safety margins influence overhead line design.
Determine your recommended daily caffeine allowance with our Caffeine Intake Calculator. Enter your weight and consumed caffeine to see if you are within safe limits.
Estimate the allowable end load on a cantilever beam using deflection limits, material modulus, and section properties.
Solve for charge, capacitance, or voltage of an ideal capacitor using Q = CV. Includes an extensive discussion of capacitor behavior, energy storage, and practical applications.
Compute the energy stored in a capacitor from its capacitance and voltage using E=1/2CV^2.
Compute equivalent capacitance for up to five capacitors arranged in series or parallel and estimate stored charge and energy for an optional supply voltage.
Determine how high a liquid climbs in a capillary tube using surface tension, contact angle, and tube radius. Learn the physics of capillary action and its real-world implications.
Compare DIY car washing costs with automatic bay prices and monthly subscriptions to see which option saves more.
Estimate the net power output reduction from post-combustion carbon capture at power plants.
Calculate your annual carbon footprint based on home energy, transportation, diet, and waste habits. Discover ways to reduce your environmental impact today.
Calculate the maximum theoretical efficiency of a heat engine using the Carnot equation. Explore how temperature limits convert heat into useful work.
Evaluate working capital efficiency by calculating the cash conversion cycle from inventory, receivable, and payable days.
Estimate the Casimir force between two parallel plates in a vacuum using plate area and separation distance.
Estimate monthly cat litter needs and costs based on number of cats and cleaning habits.
Compute Catalan numbers and learn about their many combinatorial interpretations.
Estimate sag and support reactions for a uniformly loaded overhead cable using a parabolic approximation to the catenary equation.
Evaluate the PDF and CDF of the Cauchy distribution for any location and scale parameters.
Test the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for two vectors and explore its geometric interpretation with an in-depth explanation.
Estimate the number of discrete spacetime elements in a region by sprinkling Planck volumes over its 4-volume.
Estimate how long a cave exploration will take based on passage length, movement speed, and planned rest stops.
Check the Cayley-Hamilton theorem for a 2×2 matrix and see its characteristic polynomial.
Calculate the ideal downrod length for ceiling fans based on ceiling height and desired blade clearance.
Compute the center of mass for up to five point masses in three dimensions using weighted averages.
Determine the centripetal force needed to keep an object moving in a circle. Enter mass, velocity, and radius to find the inward force.
Plan kiln firing schedules by calculating ramp times and total duration from temperature targets and rates.
Evaluate the field minimum and effective mass of a chameleon scalar in a given matter density with potential parameters n, Λ, and coupling β.
Estimate the orbital decay time for a massive body moving through a stellar background using the Chandrasekhar dynamical friction formula.
Estimate the maximum mass of a white dwarf supported by electron degeneracy pressure using the Chandrasekhar limit.
Compute the characteristic polynomial of a 2x2 or 3x3 matrix and learn how it relates to eigenvalues.
Solve Charles's law problems by relating gas volume and absolute temperature at constant pressure.
Compute Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind for a given degree and value.
Estimate cheese weight loss during aging using moisture content and target dryness.
Calculate theoretical and percent yield for a chemical reaction using limiting reagent data and stoichiometric coefficients.
Compute the angle of Cherenkov radiation emitted by a charged particle moving through a medium. Enter particle speed and refractive index to see the emission geometry.
Calculate how your chess Elo rating will change after a match. Enter your rating, your opponent's rating, result, and K-factor to see the expected adjustment.
Perform a chi-square test of independence on a 2x2 contingency table. Calculate expected counts, the chi-square statistic and a p-value to judge association between two categorical variables.
Compute the pdf, cumulative probability, survival value, and quantiles of the chi-squared distribution.
Estimate airflow and vent area needed in a chicken coop based on bird count, coop volume, and desired air changes per hour.
Find the expiration date for a child's car seat based on manufacture date and seat type.
Estimate a child's future adult height using the mid-parental method with this simple child height predictor.
Estimate how often your chimney should be swept based on fireplace use and wood type.
Determine your Chinese zodiac animal and element using your birth year, with explanations of the 12-animal cycle and five elements.
Estimate resonance frequencies for a thin square plate using its material properties and mode numbers. Useful for exploring Chladni patterns.
Determine the retention factor of analytes in chromatography using retention and dead times.
Estimate the number of discrete time units or chronons elapsed since the big bang.
Calculate the area of a circle easily. Enter a radius or diameter and get the precise area in square units.
Find the chord length, arc length, and segment area of a circle from its radius and central angle.
Convert between standard and general forms of a circle's equation, computing center and radius from coefficients or vice versa.
Find the area of a circle sector using radius and angle in degrees or radians.
Compute the area of a circular segment given the radius and segment height. Useful for geometry, architecture, and engineering designs.
Find the unique circle passing through three non‑collinear points by computing its center, radius, and equation.
Find the equation of the circle passing through three non-collinear points.
Estimate vapor pressure at a new temperature using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Account for enthalpy of vaporization and reference conditions.
Determine the angle between the hour and minute hands for any given time on an analog clock.
Sum insulation values of clothing layers and compare to required R-value for given temperatures.
Compute the altitude where clouds begin forming based on surface temperature and dew point. Useful for pilots and weather enthusiasts.
Estimate supersaturation, droplet density and particle track length for a diffusion cloud chamber.
Estimate the μ-type spectral distortion of the cosmic microwave background from fractional energy injection at a given redshift.
Estimate annual shoreline erosion based on wave energy, sea level rise, and sediment supply.
Determine capacitance, geometry, or dielectric properties for coaxial cables via C = 2πϵL/ln(b/a).
Compute clay, sand, and straw quantities for earthen cob floors from area, thickness, and mix ratios.
Compute final velocities for two-body collisions using the coefficient of restitution and conservation of momentum.
Plan when to descale your coffee maker using water hardness and brewing frequency.
Compute the cross section for coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering using Standard Model parameters.
Compute thin-wall bubble nucleation parameters including radius, bounce action, and decay rate from surface tension and vacuum energy difference.
Evaluate foreground and background color combinations with this color contrast checker. Ensure your designs meet WCAG accessibility standards.
Create and save color palettes with this intuitive color picker and palette generator tool for developers and designers.
Convert any color into an audible frequency and musical note using wavelength and logarithmic pitch mapping.
Determine the critical buckling load of structural columns using Euler's formula and assess a factor of safety.
Transform any quadratic expression ax^2 + bx + c into vertex form a(x-h)^2 + k by completing the square.
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide complex numbers with magnitude and angle output.
Determine fiber volume fraction in a composite laminate by entering masses and densities.
Determine the correct mix of browns and greens to reach an ideal compost C:N ratio.
Estimate the thermal power harvested from a compost pile using a water coil based on compost temperature, flow rate, and efficiency.
Estimate the overall moisture content of your compost by weighting green and brown materials.
Size an aeration pump for actively aerated compost tea using brew volume, dissolved oxygen target, efficiency and brew time.
Estimate container volume needed for a composting toilet based on users and retention time.
Compute the storable energy and average discharge power of a compressed air energy storage system using cavern volume, pressure limits and efficiency assumptions.
Determine the wavelength change of a photon after scattering from an electron using the Compton equation.
Estimate nominal and design shear strength of a reinforced concrete beam using concrete contribution Vc and shear reinforcement Vs.
Estimate nominal and design axial load capacity of a tied rectangular concrete column from section dimensions, material strengths, and reinforcement.
Estimate maturity index and compressive strength of curing concrete using the Nurse-Saul method.
Compute the volume and surface area of a cone from radius and height.
Find the confidence interval around a sample mean using the standard deviation and sample size.
Determine whether a second-degree equation represents a circle, ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola.
Compute the volume of a truncated cone using top and bottom radii and height.
Approximate solutions of symmetric positive-definite systems using the conjugate gradient algorithm.
Generate the continued fraction representation of any real number.
Compute the convex hull of a planar point set using the gift wrapping algorithm and learn why convex boundaries matter in geometry.
Transform points through translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations using this interactive coordinate geometry calculator.
Compute the Pearson correlation between two sets of numbers to see how strongly they move together.
Estimate metal corrosion rates from weight loss data using a classic ASTM formula.
Estimate the age of the universe at a given redshift using a simplified matter-dominated model.
Compute the deficit angle and image separation caused by a straight cosmic string.
Estimate gravitational wave power and lifetime of a cosmic string loop from its tension and length.
Estimate the number of descendant universes produced via black hole creation under Smolin's cosmological natural selection hypothesis.
Determine the scale factor needed to resize armor patterns to your own measurements.
Determine the charging energy, addition energy, and blockade temperature for electrons on a quantum dot.
Calculate the electric force between two charged particles using Coulomb's law. Explore how charge magnitude and separation distance affect electrostatic interactions.
Compute the covariance matrix for two or three datasets and explore its meaning.
Estimate potential hazard radius from a CO₂ pipeline rupture using diameter, pressure, temperature and terrain.
Use Cramer's rule to solve small linear systems with determinants.
Evaluate mobile crane lifting capacity by comparing load moment to rated moment and estimating outrigger reactions.
Compute win probability and house edge for common craps bets using two six-sided dice.
Assess the likelihood of unintended CRISPR edits by estimating possible off-target matches based on gRNA length and allowed mismatches.
Parse cron expressions to human-readable text with our Cron Expression Helper tool.
Compute the discrete cross-correlation between two sequences at all lags.
Estimate the probability of a dangerous crowd crush during large gatherings using density, exit capacity, and movement speed.
Estimate crowd density and assess safety for gatherings. Enter area and attendees to determine people per square meter.
Predict how much cryogenic liquid remains after a given storage time. Enter container capacity, boil-off rate, and duration to plan refills.
Estimate boil-off rate and storage duration for cryogenic propellants.
Generate CSS box-shadow declarations with live preview and detailed explanations.
Create linear or radial CSS gradients with adjustable colors and angles entirely client-side.
Convert CSV files to JSON format directly in your browser. Paste comma-separated values and get structured JSON output instantly.
Solve any cubic polynomial using Cardano's method. Enter coefficients to compute real and complex roots and understand discriminant cases with detailed explanations.
Estimate cyclone diameter and dimensions from airflow and inlet velocity for shop dust collection.
Calculate the cyclotron frequency of a charged particle in a magnetic field. Useful for plasma physics and mass spectrometry.
Evaluate heat transfer through a cylindrical wall or solve for thermal conductivity, geometry, or temperature difference.
Explore the time-dependent displacement of a damped harmonic oscillator using mass, damping coefficient, and spring constant. Learn about underdamping, critical damping, and overdamping.
Estimate terminal velocity, flight time, and travel distance of dandelion seeds based on plume size, mass, height, and wind speed.
Estimate the Darcy friction factor for turbulent pipe flow using the Colebrook equation. Enter Reynolds number and relative roughness.
Compute friction head loss and pressure drop in a pipe using the Darcy-Weisbach equation with the Swamee-Jain friction factor.
Estimate expected detection rates for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using detector mass, cross section and dark matter density.
Estimate background events and false-positive probability in dark matter detectors.
Predict how many hours of footage your dashcam can store based on video bitrate, number of channels and memory card size.
Estimate annual cooling costs in your server room or data center. Enter IT load, PUE, and electricity rate to see how efficiency improvements lower bills.
Estimate the Power Usage Effectiveness of a data center by comparing total facility energy to IT equipment energy.
Estimate the probability that individuals in an anonymized dataset could be re-identified using k-anonymity, dataset coverage, external data availability and attribute sensitivity.
Add or subtract days, weeks, months, or years from any start date. Understand calendar arithmetic with formulas, tables, and detailed explanations.
Convert dates between ISO, US, European and custom formats entirely in your browser.
Enter a date to find the corresponding day of the week using Zeller's congruence.
Estimate the intrinsic value of a stock by projecting free cash flows and discounting them to present value.
Compute the de Broglie wavelength of any particle by entering its mass and velocity. Explore wave-particle duality and the quantum realm.
Evaluate the Gibbons–Hawking temperature, horizon radius, and entropy for a universe dominated by a cosmological constant.
Estimate the Debye length for a plasma or electrolyte from temperature, charge density, and relative permittivity. Understand how electric fields are screened in ionized gases.
Explore the Debye model for solids and compute the specific heat from the Debye temperature and actual temperature.
Estimate total concrete needed for deck footings by diameter, depth, and count.
Plan how many focused sessions you need to complete a project. Input total hours, session length, and break time.
Assess the chance that a deepfake video bypasses detection by combining algorithm accuracy, compression quality, attacker skill, and video length.
Evaluate definite integrals numerically with Simpson's rule. Enter a function and limits to approximate the area under the curve.
Determine when to clean or replace a dehumidifier filter using dust levels and operating hours.
Estimate aircraft density altitude from elevation, temperature, and pressure. Useful for pilots planning safe takeoff performance.
Estimate the daily energy requirements and cost for desalinating seawater based on volume, salinity, and system efficiency.
Calculate the chance of rolling a desired result with multiple dice and see the expected number of successes.
Roll virtual dice with any number of sides, view totals, and explore the mathematics of randomness and probability.
Estimate your annual diet-related carbon footprint by entering weekly food consumption across major categories like beef, poultry, dairy, and vegetables.
Determine diffraction angles for any light wavelength and grating spacing using the interference equation d sin(θ) = m λ. Explore optics with this detailed tool.
Find the shortest path between two nodes in a small graph using Dijkstra's algorithm.
Approximate the cost per ton of CO₂ removed by a direct air capture system using energy, capital, and operating inputs.
Evaluate the probability density of a 3-parameter Dirichlet distribution.
Compute the discrete convolution of two finite sequences for signal processing and probability.
Compute the DCT-II of a numeric sequence to analyze signal frequencies.
Compute the DFT of a sequence to reveal its frequency spectrum.
Compute one-level Haar discrete wavelet transform for a numeric sequence.
Compare water and energy use between dishwasher cycles and handwashing to see which method is more efficient for your household.
Solve for distance, speed, or time by supplying the other two values.
Compute the divergence and curl of a vector field at a point.
Compute the flux of a vector field through a rectangular box and compare it with the triple integral of its divergence to illustrate Gauss's divergence theorem.
Check whether a number is divisible by 2 through 12 and learn the rules that justify each decision.
Translate a DNA or RNA sequence into amino acids using the standard genetic code.
Calculate the melting temperature of a DNA sequence using base composition and length. Useful for PCR primer design and molecular biology experiments.
Estimate sequencing coverage depth based on genome size, read length, and number of reads.
Predict your dog's whelping date using the typical 63 day gestation period and learn about each stage of canine pregnancy.
Apply anthropic reasoning to estimate an upper bound on humanity's future population using the controversial Doomsday Argument.
Determine the recommended rough opening for interior or exterior doors.
Approximate the chance of meeting someone who resembles you based on crowd size and the diversity of appearance traits.
Calculate the Doppler broadening of spectral lines due to thermal motion of particles.
Estimate the perceived frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving.
Approximate the value of a double integral over a rectangular region.
Determine fringe spacing and angular positions for Young's double-slit experiment from wavelength, slit separation, screen distance, and fringe order.
Compute the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic drag force on an object using density, velocity, drag coefficient, and cross-sectional area.
Compute optimal subsurface drainage tile spacing using soil hydraulic conductivity, drain depth, desired water table height, and drainage coefficient.
Size emitter spacing along a drip line based on plant water needs and irrigation schedule.
Estimate how long it will take to clear a driveway after snowfall and the volume of snow to move.
Estimate the probability of mid-air collisions in an autonomous drone swarm from fleet size, separation, sensor range, wind, and control latency.
Compare laundry costs of disposable dryer sheets and reusable wool dryer balls over time.
Estimate how often to clean a clothes dryer vent based on usage, vent length, and lint habits.
Estimate the impact of vent length and bends on dryer efficiency.
Estimate recommended screw spacing and total screws for drywall panels.
Evaluate payback time and annual value gained from adding a second monitor by estimating daily time savings.
Estimate the dumpster size and rental cost needed for debris based on weight, material density, and rental terms.
Generate D&D 5e ability scores using the classic 4d6 drop lowest method and view modifiers.
Find all complex roots of a polynomial using the Durand–Kerner method.
Estimate inner surface temperatures for a hypothetical Dyson sphere megastructure.
Estimate monthly commuting costs for an electric bike versus a car, factoring in energy, maintenance, and parking.
Estimate the financial impact of product returns by modeling return rates, shipping fees, restocking costs, and lost revenue.
Estimate the length of buried air tubes needed to cool incoming ventilation air using ground temperature.
Plan superadobe domes by estimating soil volume, bag count, and barbed wire length from dome diameter and wall thickness.
Assess internal erosion risk in earthen dams using hydraulic gradient, permeability, seepage length, and filter effectiveness.
Estimate how long it takes to heat a traditional cob or earthen oven based on mass, specific heat, and fire power.
Convert earthquake magnitude to energy release and TNT equivalent. Learn how seismic energy scales with magnitude and why these numbers matter for hazard assessment.
Estimate tire count, soil volume and weight for constructing a rammed-earth tire wall.
Compute the date of Western Easter Sunday for any year using the Meeus/Jones/Butcher algorithm.
Compute the maximum steady brightness a star can have before radiation pushes away infalling gas.
Calculate eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a 2x2 matrix. Useful for systems analysis, vibrations, and more.
Estimate the period and smoothing strength of a cyclic ekpyrotic cosmos from brane separation, velocity, and equation of state.
Determine final velocities after a one-dimensional elastic collision between two masses.
Estimate the achievable flight range of an electric aircraft using battery capacity, cruise power, speed and reserve energy.
Compute the electric field created by an ideal electric dipole at any point, or find dipole moment, distance, or angle from the same relation.
Find torque, dipole moment, electric field, or angle for a dipole in a uniform field.
Compute the resultant electric field from up to three point charges at any point in space using Coulomb's law and vector superposition.
Determine the energy stored in an electric field or solve for field strength from energy density.
Determine the electric field, charge, radius, or axial distance for a uniformly charged ring.
Compute the electric field surrounding an infinitely long line of charge using Gauss's law.
Compute the electric field produced by an infinite sheet of charge or find surface charge density using E = sigma / (2 epsilon0).
Calculate electric potential at a point due to up to three point charges and optional potential energy of a test charge.
Determine the electric potential energy between two point charges or solve for separation distance.
Determine electrical power, voltage, current, or resistance using P = VI and Ohm's law.
Compare the monthly energy cost of running an electric clothes dryer versus a gas dryer using local utility rates and laundry frequency.
Estimate yearly mowing expenses and find the break-even point between electric and gas-powered lawn mowers.
Compare commuting costs between electric and gasoline scooters. Calculate weekly expenses based on mileage, energy prices, and efficiency.
Estimate the energy efficiency of an electrochemical cell using theoretical and measured voltage and current.
Evaluate projectile energy, required current, and platform recoil for an electromagnetic railgun using mass, velocity, rail length, capacitance, and efficiency.
Solve for drift velocity, current, carrier density, charge, or cross-sectional area using v = I / (n q A).
Estimate electroosmotic flow in a nanofluidic channel using length, dimensions, voltage, zeta potential, permittivity, and viscosity.
Estimate the sphaleron energy barrier and baryon-number violating rate in the electroweak theory from the Higgs vacuum expectation value, gauge coupling, and temperature.
Calculate the area and approximate perimeter of an ellipse from its axes.
Check if an email address conforms to common formatting rules using a client-side regular expression.
Estimate how long it will take to reach inbox zero by factoring backlog size, processing speed, new email rate, and daily focus hours.
Estimate future email subscribers by modeling daily signups and unsubscribe rates over time.
Determine when to rotate stored emergency water supplies based on container type and storage date.
Compute electromagnetic field exposure from transmitter power, distance, and frequency using far-field formulas.
Estimate the probability of infrastructure damage from a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse using burst parameters and shielding.
Gauge the financial impact of losing an employee by combining recruiting, onboarding, and lost productivity costs.
Convert energy values between joules, kilojoules, calories, kilowatt-hours, BTU, and electronvolts.
Determine the ideal ethylene glycol and water mix to protect an engine across temperature extremes.
Approximate the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered through enhanced rock weathering based on rock mass, composition and reaction extent.
Estimate the probability and waiting time for a spontaneous decrease in entropy using Boltzmann's fluctuation formula.
Calculate enzyme reaction velocity using the Michaelis-Menten equation with substrate concentration, Km, and Vmax.
Determine the correct amounts of resin and hardener for epoxy projects using this easy mix ratio calculator.
Estimate the equilibrium constant for a reaction from reactant and product concentrations.
Compute the speed needed to escape a planetary body's gravitational pull.
Estimate the Euler–Mascheroni constant using harmonic numbers minus log(n).
Estimate energy used and money spent preheating or precooling an electric vehicle battery and cabin before driving.
Analyze payback period and lifetime value of repurposed EV batteries for home storage.
Estimate expected waiting time at an EV fast charging station using arrival rates, charge durations, and number of chargers.
Determine your precise age or the time between two dates in years, months, and days with this exact age calculator.
Estimate hourly excavation output using bucket capacity, cycle time, job efficiency, swell factor, and material density.
Calculate the expected brightness drop of a star during a planetary transit to estimate exoplanet size.
Estimate signal-to-noise for detecting an exoplanet transit using star magnitude, telescope size, transit depth and observing time.
Compute the expected value, variance, and standard deviation for a discrete random variable.
Model exponential growth or decay for any initial value, rate, and time using continuous or discrete formulas.
Compute the exponential moving average for a series of numbers and review the smoothing process in a detailed table.
Calculate factorials of non-negative integers with a single click using this client-side factorial calculator.
Predict how many hours you might spend building a multi-generation family tree.
Compute the rotation measure and polarization angle rotation of radio waves traversing a magnetized plasma.
Generate the Farey sequence of a given order n.
Estimate how long it takes for a fart to clear a room based on volume, ventilation rate, and smell threshold.
Apply the Cooley-Tukey FFT to a sequence of numbers to reveal frequency components.
Estimate CO2 volume generated during food fermentation to size jar headspace.
Compute the probability that an energy level is occupied in a solid using Fermi-Dirac statistics.
Compute scattering length and cross-section near a Feshbach resonance from magnetic field and resonance parameters.
Estimate how long post-production will take by entering footage length, editing pace, and review cycles.
Estimate the relic density of feebly interacting massive particles produced through freeze-in decays of a heavier bath species.
Determine when to service or replace household fire extinguishers based on type and last inspection.
Estimate firearm free recoil energy from bullet weight, muzzle velocity, powder charge, and gun weight using a simple momentum model.
Calculate the heat potential of your firewood stack. Choose wood species, amount in cords, and moisture content to see total BTUs.
Compute the Fisher information matrix for estimating the mean and variance of a normal distribution.
Compute Fisher's exact test for a 2x2 contingency table. Get an exact p-value even with small sample sizes using a hypergeometric probability model.
Estimate how many floating holiday hours you have left this year and plan future days off. Enter your total allotted hours, how many you've used, and pending requests.
Estimate flood recurrence intervals and exceedance probabilities from annual peak discharge records using the Weibull formula.
Estimate the maximum allowable span of a wood floor joist based on size, spacing, species properties, and applied loading using bending and deflection checks.
Apply the continuity equation A1 v1 = A2 v2 to compute unknown fluid velocity and flow rates for incompressible streams.
Estimate dehydrator drying time and final yield for fruits, vegetables, herbs, and meats using slice thickness and temperature.
Estimate final weight after dehydrating fruits, vegetables or meats using moisture content.
Estimate how much it costs to run a food dehydrator based on wattage, drying time, and electricity rates.
Calculate an American football passer rating using completions, attempts, yards, touchdowns, and interceptions. Learn the formula and how each statistic contributes to the final score.
Convert force units including newtons, kilonewtons, pounds-force, kilograms-force, dynes, and poundals with this force converter.
Estimate how much carbon a forest stores and sequesters annually based on area, tree density, and age. Understand your woodland's climate impact.
Estimate the likelihood that remains become fossilized using environment, burial rate, and decay factors.
Calculate the rate at which a Foucault pendulum's swing plane rotates based on latitude and explore the rich history and physics behind this classic experiment.
Estimate the fractal dimension from the number of pieces and scaling ratio.
Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on two fractions and receive results simplified and as decimals.
Simplify fractions or calculate addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with this browser-based fraction calculator. Perfect for students, teachers, and anyone working with ratios.
Convert numbers between fraction, decimal, and percent formats with a single tool.
Compute time of fall and impact velocity for an object dropped from any height with optional initial velocity.
Calculate when to defrost a manual freezer based on usage habits and humidity.
Determine how a solute lowers the freezing point of a solvent using ΔTf = i Kf m.
Calculate gravel and pipe volume for French drains based on trench dimensions and pipe size.
Calculate reflection coefficients for s- and p-polarized light when it strikes an interface between two media with different refractive indices.
Estimate the radius of the first Fresnel zone for radio links to evaluate obstruction effects.
Compute normal, static, and kinetic friction forces for an object on an incline using mass, coefficients of friction and gravity.
Compute the Frobenius norm of a matrix using squared element sums.
Compute the dimensionless Froude number for open-channel flows or ship hulls from velocity, characteristic length, and gravity.
Estimate how long it takes to thaw meat, poultry, or seafood using the refrigerator, cold water, or microwave methods based on weight.
Convert fructosamine lab results into estimated average glucose or reverse the calculation using validated formulas.
Estimate the minimum fuel injector flow rating needed for an engine based on horsepower, BSFC, and duty cycle.
Enter two functions f(x) and g(x) to compute the compositions f(g(x)) and g(f(x)) at a specified value.
Approximate the limit of a real-valued function at a point using successive refinement of left and right evaluations.
Estimate how quickly fungal spores will germinate based on temperature and species parameters.
Calculate the plasma triple product nTτ and compare it with Lawson criterion thresholds for fusion ignition.
Estimate tritium breeding ratio and shortfall risk for a deuterium-tritium fusion reactor based on blanket coverage, lithium enrichment, neutron multiplication, structural absorption, and target TBR.
Evaluate probability density and cumulative probability for the gamma distribution.
Evaluate the Gamow peak energy, width, and thermonuclear reaction rate for charged-particle fusion using basic astrophysical parameters.
Estimate when your garage door torsion or extension springs will wear out based on cycle rating and daily use. Schedule replacement before failure.
Estimate annual operating costs and break-even points between gas and electric water heaters.
Estimate one-loop gauge coupling unification scales and couplings by extrapolating Standard Model or MSSM beta functions.
Perform Gauss-Jordan elimination on a 2x2 or 3x3 system to reach reduced row-echelon form and solve for unknowns.
Solve 2x2 or 3x3 linear systems using the Gauss-Seidel iterative algorithm.
Estimate how a laser beam expands with distance using the Gaussian beam propagation formula.
Apply the Gaussian elimination method to solve 2x2 or 3x3 linear systems.
Calculate the percentage of guanine and cytosine bases in a DNA sequence with this GC content calculator.
Find the greatest common divisor and least common multiple of any two numbers using this handy calculator. Ideal for students, teachers, and anyone needing quick math help.
Calculate pitch line velocity of gears from diameter and rotational speed. Useful for machinery design and gear selection.
Determine the approximate carat weight of a faceted gemstone based on its dimensions, specific gravity, and a shape factor.
Estimate the probability of a gene drive spreading through a wild population using release fraction, drive efficiency, fitness cost, reproduction, and migration.
Average multiple DNA test percentages to create a combined ancestry profile and calculate a diversity score.
Compute approximate strut lengths for 2V or 3V geodesic domes based on radius.
Estimate the probability of power-grid transformer damage from geomagnetically induced currents using storm intensity, ground resistivity, line length, and transformer age.
Compute probabilities for the geometric distribution and explore its properties.
Compute the nth term and sum of a geometric series by entering the first term, common ratio, and number of terms.
Approximate required ground loop length for a ground-source heat pump.
Estimate probability of injection-triggered earthquakes for geothermal reservoirs using injection rate, pressure increase, fault density, historical seismicity, and population distance.
Evaluate the revenue, costs, and profit margin of a delivery-only ghost kitchen by entering order volume, menu pricing, commissions, and overhead.
Plan spectacular giant soap bubbles by computing surface area, volume, and expected lifetime based on diameter, humidity, temperature, and glycerin content.
Use enthalpy, entropy, and temperature to compute Gibbs free energy and determine whether a reaction is thermodynamically favorable.
Estimate the neutrino-electron interaction cross-section near the Glashow resonance at 6.3 PeV using a simple Breit–Wigner approximation.
Find the precise times for morning and evening golden hour anywhere in the world. Enter a date and location to see when soft sunlight will enhance your photos.
Compute the Goldreich–Julian number density and polar-cap potential drop of a pulsar from its period, magnetic field, and radius.
Estimate how quickly a rumor permeates a group using a simple contact model with transmission probability.
Apply Graham's law to relate effusion rates and molar masses of gases. Solve for any unknown rate or molar mass and learn the kinetic theory behind the formula.
Compute the chromatic number of a small graph and produce a valid coloring using backtracking.
Use our Graphing Scientific Calculator to evaluate complex expressions, plot functions, integrate equations and share interactive graphs.
Estimate gravitationally induced decoherence timescales using the Diósi–Penrose criterion for a mass superposition.
Solve for the gravitational field, ring mass, radius, or axial distance for a uniformly massive ring.
Quickly compute gravitational force between two masses with our Gravitational Force Calculator. Perfect for physics students and science enthusiasts.
Compute the relative arrival time between multiple images of a point-mass gravitational lens using the full Fermat potential.
Estimate the peak magnification and Einstein radius for a gravitational microlensing event given lens mass, distances, and impact parameter.
Find gravitational potential, mass, or distance from Newton's universal law of gravitation.
Determine the gravitational potential energy of an object based on its mass, height, and gravitational acceleration.
Calculate the gravitational redshift of light escaping from a massive object using mass and radius.
Estimate how gravity slows the passage of time near massive objects using general relativity.
Estimate the nonlinear memory strain step produced by a burst of gravitational waves given the radiated energy and source distance.
Estimate the dimensionless strain amplitude of gravitational waves from a compact binary system using component masses, signal frequency, and distance.
Estimate the relic density of thermally produced gravitinos from reheating temperature and mass.
Compute the stored energy and average discharge power of a gravity battery from lifted mass, elevation change, efficiency and release duration.
Estimate travel time, chord length, maximum depth, and peak speed for a gravity train tunnel through a uniform-density planet.
Estimate the structural load of a vegetated roof by entering area, soil depth, and material density.
Numerically verify Green's theorem for a vector field over a rectangle.
See how much it costs to heat your greenhouse by entering area, temperature difference, and energy price. Learn tips to minimize fuel expenses.
Estimate how much thermal mass you need to stabilize temperatures in a greenhouse and calculate the energy it can store.
Estimate the time required for a self-replicating nanobot swarm to consume a target mass in a hypothetical grey goo scenario.
Estimate the surface area of a constructed reed bed needed to treat household greywater based on flow and retention time.
Calculate ground sampling distance (GSD) from sensor pixel size, focal length, and flight altitude to determine aerial photo resolution.
Compute groundwater seepage velocity and contaminant travel time using Darcy's Law, hydraulic gradient, porosity, and distance.
Estimate monthly energy consumption and cost of indoor grow lights by entering wattage, hours of operation, number of fixtures, and your electricity rate.
Estimate how often to clean house gutters based on tree coverage, roof size, and rainfall.
Calculate the required drop for residential gutters based on length and slope recommendations.
Estimate the photopion production threshold and attenuation length for ultra-high energy protons interacting with the CMB.
Estimate the critical radius for closed timelike curves in the Gödel universe and evaluate the matter density required for a given cosmic rotation.
Compute the Hadamard product of two matrices of the same size.
Determine if your dough requires separating challah, and whether to recite a blessing, by entering the amount of flour.
Estimate laminar volumetric flow through a circular tube using the Hagen–Poiseuille equation.
Compute Hall voltage, current, magnetic field, carrier density, or thickness from the Hall effect relation V_H = I B / (n q t).
Estimate strap tension and anchor forces for a hammock based on body weight, hang angle and safety factor.
Estimate allele frequencies and expected genotype counts to test Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Compute the harmonic mean of a sequence of positive numbers.
Compute the discrete Hartley transform of a sequence and explore its relationship to the Fourier transform.
Generate MD5 or SHA-256 hashes instantly with this browser-based hash generator. Useful for verifying downloads and creating unique fingerprints.
Compute the Hawking–Page transition temperature and black-hole mass in AdS space from the AdS curvature radius.
Calculate the number of hay bales and total tons harvested from field size, yield per acre, and bale weight.
Compute heat flow through a slab using Fourier's law; solve for rate, conductivity, area, temperature difference, or thickness.
Solve the one-dimensional heat equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Evaluate NTU, effectiveness, heat transfer rate, and outlet temperatures for parallel or counterflow heat exchangers.
Determine the heat transfer area for a simple exchanger using flow rate, heat capacity, and temperature change.
Calculate the heat index easily with our Heat Index Calculator. Combine temperature and humidity to see the true feel outside and learn safety tips for extreme heat.
Calculate heat loss through walls, windows, and other surfaces using area, U-value, and temperature difference. Learn how insulation levels affect energy efficiency.
Estimate the thermal energy required to melt a substance using its mass and specific heat of fusion. Learn how the latent heat equation applies to ice, metals, and more.
Compute the thermal energy required to vaporize a substance using its mass and specific latent heat of vaporization. Learn about evaporation, phase change thermodynamics, and real-world applications.
Estimate the seasonal efficiency reduction in air-source heat pumps caused by defrost cycles and assess the likelihood of major energy penalties.
Estimate annual heating costs for a heat pump versus a traditional furnace. Enter your heating load, energy prices, and system efficiencies to see which option saves more.
Estimate heating energy and cost savings from installing a heat recovery ventilator.
Determine temperature rise from power dissipation and thermal resistance, or evaluate the required heat sink performance.
Calculate the gematria value of Hebrew words or phrases with this easy tool.
Convert dates between the Hebrew and Gregorian calendars with this client-side tool.
Explore the relationship between position and momentum uncertainty using the Heisenberg principle.
Estimate loss of reflected solar energy due to heliostat blocking and shadowing using spacing, mirror area, sun elevation, and tower height, and gauge the probability of efficiency dropping below design targets.
Compute the nearly uniform magnetic field at the center of a Helmholtz coil pair from coil radius, turns, and current.
Compute the resonant frequency of a cavity and neck using the Helmholtz formula. Useful for speaker enclosures and noise control.
Estimate hemp hurd, lime binder, and water quantities for casting hempcrete walls based on area and thickness.
Compute physicists' or probabilists' Hermite polynomials and learn about their properties.
Estimate the burst altitude of a high-altitude balloon based on gas expansion and atmospheric pressure.
Generate Hilbert matrices and estimate their condition numbers.
Estimate the Hill sphere radius around a planet given stellar mass, planetary mass, and orbital distance.
Create a histogram from data by choosing the number of bins and viewing counts and intervals.
Compute the velocity changes and flight duration for a Hohmann transfer between two circular orbits. Useful for mission planning and orbital mechanics lessons.
Predict how much electricity you could save by automating lights and appliances. Enter your current usage and automation efficiency to see the potential annual reduction.
Estimate savings from charging a home battery off-peak and discharging during peak rates.
Determine how long it takes for a professional energy audit to pay for itself. Input audit cost and estimated annual savings from improvements.
Find out how much powering your home office costs each month based on wattage, usage hours, and electric rates.
Calculate spring force and potential energy from a given spring constant and displacement using Hooke's law.
Estimate how much hay a horse needs each day and per month by entering body weight, feeding percentage, and bale weight. Ideal for stable budgeting and nutrition.
Calculate how large a hot air balloon needs to be to lift a specific payload based on temperatures inside and outside the envelope.
Determine how much liquid to add to raise or lower the heat of your hot sauce. Input the current Scoville units, desired heat, volume, and the diluting liquid's heat.
Estimate how long it will take to heat your hot tub based on water volume, heater power, and starting temperature. Learn energy-saving tips for spa owners.
Estimate how often to change your hot tub water based on volume and bather load.
Estimate the energy in kWh and cost required to heat water based on volume, temperature rise, heater efficiency, and electricity price.
Estimate the monthly energy cost of running a recirculation pump and keeping hot water moving through pipes to reduce wait time at the tap.
Calculate the cost of a dripping faucet or hidden household water leak based on drip rate, duration, and local water prices.
Build the Householder reflection matrix for a given vector and see its effect.
Calculate the distance to distant galaxies using Hubble's Law v = H0 d or redshift. Understand how cosmic expansion relates recessional velocity to distance.
Estimate wood and soil volumes for building a hugelkultur mound.
Estimate the proper duct diameter for heating and cooling systems using airflow (CFM) and duct length. Improve efficiency and reduce noise.
Quantify extra fan energy and cost caused by running HVAC systems with clogged filters using pressure drop and airflow inputs.
Estimate when to change residential HVAC filters based on thickness, MERV rating, and household conditions.
Estimate downstream depth and energy dissipation for a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel using upstream depth and velocity.
Compute hydraulic pump power from flow rate, pressure and efficiency. Understand energy transfer in fluid power systems.
Estimate delivered flow from a hydraulic ram pump using drive flow, drive head and delivery head with an efficiency factor.
Estimate the probability of component failure due to hydrogen embrittlement using pressure, temperature, strength, and exposure time.
Gauge the probability of an explosive hydrogen release from storage tanks using pressure, volume, temperature, ventilation, and ignition likelihood.
Estimate the slope and drop needed for a hydroponic nutrient film technique channel to maintain a thin flowing film.
Calculate the exact amount of nutrient concentrate needed for your hydroponic system based on reservoir size and desired strength.
Estimate how much acid or base to add to your hydroponic system to reach the desired pH.
Calculate hydrostatic pressure in water or any liquid by entering density, depth, and gravity. Learn why pressure increases with depth and how it applies to engineering, diving, and everyday science.
Compute vertices, foci, asymptotes, and eccentricity of a hyperbola in standard form.
Generate stitch counts for crocheting hyperbolic surfaces based on desired curvature and gauge.
Evaluate probabilities for draws without replacement from a finite population.
Validate or create an International Bank Account Number (IBAN) using the official MOD97 algorithm with this client-side tool.
Estimate how long your ice cream will last before melting with our Ice Cream Melt Time Calculator. Plan picnics and parties without worrying about sticky messes.
Estimate potential calving volume and risk from ice shelf thickness, crevasse depth, surface melt rate, and tidal stress.
Compute any variable of the ideal gas law (PV=nRT) using this convenient calculator. Enter values for three of the variables and quickly solve for the fourth. Useful for chemistry and physics students.
Resize pictures directly in your browser by drawing them to an HTML canvas.
Compute impulse, change in momentum, and final velocity from mass, initial velocity, force, and time using the impulse-momentum theorem.
Compute force components, friction, and acceleration for a block on an inclined plane with optional friction.
Calculate how often to water indoor plants based on pot size, temperature, humidity, and light levels.
Compute the energy stored in an inductor from its inductance and current using E=1/2LI^2.
Combine up to five inductors in series or parallel and compute the equivalent inductance and stored magnetic energy.
Compute final velocities after a one-dimensional collision using masses, initial speeds, and the coefficient of restitution.
Determine required length and drainage performance of a stormwater infiltration trench.
Evaluate the factor of safety for an infinite slope using soil cohesion, friction angle, unit weight, slope angle, and failure depth.
Compute slow-roll parameters ε, η, spectral index n_s, and tensor ratio r for monomial inflationary potentials.
Convert cooking ingredients between weight and volume using density data for common pantry items.
Compute Instagram engagement rate from likes, comments, shares, saves, and followers to benchmark content effectiveness.
Calculate the formation rate of molecules on interstellar dust grains by combining number densities, temperature and a cosmic-ray factor.
Decompose simple rational expressions and compute the inverse Laplace transform.
Convert IPv4 and IPv6 addresses between decimal, hexadecimal, and binary formats.
Determine the ISO-8601 week number for any date with explanations, formulas and sample tables.
Estimate the thickness of the crustal root beneath a mountain using Airy isostasy and explore how elevation and density contrasts control isostatic balance.
Compute the Jeans escape parameter to evaluate how easily atmospheric particles escape a planet's gravity.
Compute the Jeans length and Jeans mass for a gas cloud given its temperature, density, and mean molecular weight.
Compute the directional bearing toward Jerusalem from any location using latitude and longitude coordinates.
Find the Jordan canonical form of a 2x2 matrix.
Format and validate JSON instantly with our JSON Formatter tool. Paste your JSON and get a clean, indented version.
Convert JSON arrays to CSV format entirely in your browser. Paste your JSON and get a comma-separated file instantly.
Compute the repeating segments, field-of-view, and symmetry type of a kaleidoscope from its mirror angle.
Perform a single Kalman filter prediction and update step for a scalar state.
Compute the mass spectrum of Kaluza–Klein modes for a compact extra dimension.
Find out how much weight your kayak can safely carry. Input the manufacturer rating along with paddler and gear weight to avoid overloading.
Compute the Keldysh parameter and ponderomotive energy for laser-driven strong-field ionization, classifying regimes between multiphoton and tunneling limits.
Estimate the exponential growth rate and e-folding time for the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability given densities, velocities, and perturbation wavelength.
Compute Kendall's tau rank correlation coefficient for paired data and explore concordant and discordant pair relationships.
Estimate the innermost stable circular orbit of a Kerr black hole and its orbital frequency.
Compute the quasinormal mode frequency, damping time, and quality factor for the fundamental ringdown of a spinning Kerr black hole.
Evaluate the inner and outer horizons, angular velocity, electric potential, and surface gravity of a Kerr–Newman black hole from its mass, spin and charge.
Estimate the risk of runaway orbital debris collisions using object density, cross-section, velocity, time, and fragmentation.
Estimate your risk of kidney failure within two years using the Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) with age, eGFR, and albumin-creatinine ratio inputs.
Estimate freeze-out scales and defect densities produced during a continuous phase transition using Kibble–Zurek scaling arguments.
Compute kinetic energy and momentum from mass and velocity using classical mechanics.
Estimate the coefficient of relationship and kinship between two individuals by entering their generational distance to a common ancestor and the number of independent ancestral paths.
Estimate lacquer and gold quantities for kintsugi pottery repair from crack length, width, depth, and gold fraction.
Determine the topological phase and Majorana number of a Kitaev chain from chemical potential, hopping, and pairing.
Find the exact spine height needed to sharpen a knife at a chosen angle.
Easily convert knitting pattern gauge to match your own swatch. Enter stitches per unit and see the adjusted stitch count for any project.
Estimate Kolmogorov length, time, and velocity scales from viscosity and dissipation rate.
Compute the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic and p-value to compare empirical distributions.
Plan your kombucha fermentation by balancing temperature and time. Input room temperature and desired tartness to estimate when your brew will be ready.
Estimate the Kosterlitz–Thouless transition temperature from areal superfluid density and particle mass.
Estimate travel times and exotic energy requirements for a hypothetical Krasnikov tube enabling superluminal return journeys.
Perform the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test on three or more samples and understand the ranking method behind it.
Estimate the energy and power needed to create a kugelblitz black hole from concentrated light.
Compute KL divergence, reverse KL, cross-entropy and Jensen–Shannon divergence between two discrete distributions.
Estimate positions of the collinear Lagrange points L1, L2, and L3 for any two-body system.
Calculate laminar flow rate through a cylindrical pipe using the Hagen-Poiseuille equation. Determine volumetric flow based on pressure drop, pipe radius, viscosity, and length.
Estimate the Landau damping rate of electrostatic Langmuir waves in a Maxwellian plasma.
Compute adiabatic and diabatic transition probabilities for a two-level system crossing using the Landau–Zener formula.
Calculate the Langelier Saturation Index from water chemistry to assess scaling or corrosion potential.
Solve the two-dimensional Laplace equation on a rectangular domain using an iterative Gauss-Seidel scheme.
Relate the higher-dimensional fundamental Planck scale to the size of compact extra dimensions in ADD gravity models.
Estimate the Larmor precession frequency of a charged particle in a magnetic field using charge, mass, and field strength.
Estimate the gyroradius of a charged particle moving through a magnetic field or solve for velocity, field strength, mass or charge.
Compute free spectral range and longitudinal mode frequencies for a laser cavity using its length and refractive index.
Determine how much to offset designs to account for laser kerf width.
Compute the energy required for melting, vaporization, or other phase changes using Q = mL.
Find out how much it really costs to do laundry at home or the laundromat. Enter washer and dryer power, water usage, detergent cost, and electricity price to see per-load expenses.
Calculate the optimal amount of detergent for each load based on weight, soil level, water hardness and concentration.
Estimate how long it takes for clothes to dry based on weather and airflow.
Estimate blob rise velocity, fall velocity, and full cycle time in a lava lamp from densities, viscosity, blob size, and lamp height.
Determine how many weeks until your lawn mower blade should be sharpened based on mowing habits and soil conditions.
Determine how long to run sprinklers using desired water depth and precipitation rate.
Estimate demand during lead time to plan inventory and avoid stockouts.
Estimate your lean body mass using the Boer, James, and Hume equations. Compare results and understand how body composition influences fitness and health.
Determine whether a given year is a leap year in the Gregorian calendar and find the surrounding leap years.
Calculate the ideal reheating time and method to revive your leftover pizza slices. No more soggy crusts with our Leftover Pizza Reheat Calculator.
Estimate how long leftovers stay safe in the fridge based on food type and storage temperature.
Convert lengths between meters, kilometers, miles, feet, inches and more with this simple length converter.
Compute the interaction energy between two neutral atoms using the Lennard-Jones potential and learn about van der Waals forces.
Calculate the focal length of a lens using the lens maker's formula based on radii of curvature and refractive index.
Estimate frame-dragging precession rates around a rotating mass using the Lense–Thirring effect.
Evaluate focal length or curvature radii of a lens using the lensmaker's equation for thin or thick lenses.
Analyze the frequency of letters in a block of text and explore the history and mathematics of frequency analysis used in cryptography and linguistics.
Compute the mechanical advantage of a lever and the effort force required to lift a load using basic distance inputs.
Estimate the chance of stumbling upon a specific phrase within Borges' Library of Babel.
Evaluate thermal and Dingle damping factors for de Haas–van Alphen oscillations using the Lifshitz–Kosevich formula.
Calculate how many footcandles a space receives or how many lumens you need for proper lighting based on room size.
Estimate lime, sand, fiber, and water requirements for natural plaster projects.
Compute slope, midpoint, and slope-intercept equation of a line defined by two points.
Evaluate line integrals of planar vector fields along parametric curves using Simpson's rule.
Solve equations of the form ax + by = c for integers x and y using the extended Euclidean algorithm.
Solve one-variable linear equations of the form ax + b = c with step-by-step results.
Solve for momentum, mass, or velocity using the classic relation p = m v.
Enter paired X and Y data to compute the slope, intercept, and R-squared of a simple linear regression.
Calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR) for farm animals. Enter starting weight, ending weight, and feed consumed to measure efficiency.
Estimate span time, mature diameter, and load capacity for living root bridges trained from fig trees.
Find the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) for parallel or counterflow heat exchangers based on inlet and outlet temperatures.
Compute logarithms with any base. Enter a positive value and base to see log_b(x) calculated instantly.
Model population growth with carrying capacity using the logistic equation. Explore how growth rate, initial population, and time influence size.
Calculate the chance of receiving a rare loot drop in video games. Enter drop rate and number of attempts to see overall probability.
Generate customizable lorem ipsum filler text directly in your browser.
Determine the magnitude of the Lorentz force on a moving charge in electric and magnetic fields. Explore electromagnetic forces with charge, velocity, and field inputs.
Transform spacetime coordinates between inertial frames moving at relativistic speeds using the Lorentz transformation.
Simulate interacting predator and prey populations with the classic Lotka–Volterra equations.
Compute the probability of winning a lottery based on the numbers drawn and the size of the number pool.
Break down a 3x3 matrix into lower and upper triangular matrices for linear algebra and numerical methods.
Apply the Lucas-Lehmer test to determine whether 2^p-1 is prime.
Estimate the wear and failure probability of equipment exposed to abrasive lunar regolith dust.
Determine whether an upcoming lunar eclipse will be visible from your location based on altitude and time.
Estimate the inflaton field excursion implied by a tensor-to-scalar ratio using the Lyth bound.
Estimate wait times and queue lengths in an M/M/1 system using arrival and service rates.
Determine suggested tzedakah amounts from income using maaser and enhanced giving levels.
Compute the Mach angle formed by shock waves around supersonic objects from their Mach number.
Compute the magnetic field along the axis of a dipole given its moment and distance.
Compute energy density of a magnetic field or solve for field strength from stored energy.
Compute magnetic field at the center of a circular loop or solve for current and radius using B = μ₀ I / (2R).
Compute the magnetic field near a straight finite wire or solve for current, distance, or endpoint angles.
Calculate the magnetic field strength produced by a current-carrying long straight wire using Ampère's law.
Compute magnetic flux and flux linkage from field strength, area, orientation, and coil turns.
Compute the magnetic force per unit length or total force between two long parallel current-carrying wires.
Evaluate the force on a wire in a magnetic field or solve for current, field strength, length, or angle using F = I L B sin θ.
Determine the magnetic Reynolds number for moving conductive fluids and evaluate magnetic field diffusion.
Estimate the fastest-growing mode and e-folding time for the magnetorotational instability in a rotating, weakly magnetized disk.
Estimate external time and operations achievable by a computer orbiting just above a black hole horizon before a Malament–Hogarth observer crosses the horizon.
Compute the Mann–Whitney U statistic for two independent samples and approximate the p-value using the normal distribution.
Estimate recommended weight limits and lifting index using the NIOSH equation for manual material handling.
Compute the handle force needed to operate a manual well pump based on depth, cylinder size, and lever arm ratios.
Calculate survey margin of error using sample size, population size, proportion and confidence level.
Estimate ideal marinating duration and marinade volume for various proteins and styles.
Create Markdown tables by entering rows and columns, previewing the output instantly.
Estimate how many years a Mars settlement would take to become self-sufficient based on launch capacity, ISRU efficiency, population growth, and life support needs.
Estimate heat shield thickness consumed during Martian atmospheric entry and evaluate burn-through risk
Convert weights and masses between kilograms, grams, pounds, ounces and more with this mass converter.
Convert mass to energy or energy to mass using Einstein's mass-energy equivalence relation E=mc^2.
Compute the natural frequency, period, maximum speed, and energy of a mass-spring oscillator using Hooke's law.
Add or subtract two 2x2 or 3x3 matrices and see the resulting matrices instantly.
Compute the cofactor matrix, adjugate, and determinant for 2x2 or 3x3 matrices.
Evaluate the 2-norm condition number of a 2x2 or 3x3 matrix to understand numerical stability in solving systems.
Calculate the determinant of a 2x2 or 3x3 matrix to understand linear transformations.
Compute the inverse of a 2x2 or 3x3 matrix instantly. Ideal for linear algebra, physics, and engineering applications.
Approximate the matrix logarithm of a 2x2 matrix using eigen decomposition.
Compute the product of two matrices with adjustable dimensions and see the result instantly.
Compute a basis for the null space of a 3x3 matrix using row reduction and the rank-nullity theorem.
Find the rank of a 2x2 or 3x3 matrix using row reduction.
Compute the principal square root of a 2x2 matrix.
Explore the energy balance between information erasure and work extraction in a Maxwell's demon thought experiment.
Determine the most probable, average, and root-mean-square speeds of gas molecules using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.
Compute the mean absolute deviation (MAD) for a set of numbers.
Estimate mean arterial pressure from systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements.
Enter a list of numbers to instantly compute the mean, median, and mode. Explore central tendency with this easy calculator.
Estimate combined and expanded uncertainty from multiple sources to report reliable measurements.
Relate kinetic and potential energies to solve for speed or height using conservation of mechanical energy.
Estimate cost per keystroke and lifespan for a mechanical keyboard based on switch rating, price, and daily typing volume.
Compute mechanical power from force and velocity or solve for any variable in P = F v.
Calculate how many seconds per day your mechanical watch gains or loses by comparing actual elapsed time to a 24 hour reference.
Determine the work performed by a constant force, with optional power and resulting speed estimates, and learn how the work-energy principle describes energy transfer.
Calculate the median absolute deviation (MAD) of a dataset to assess variability resistant to outliers.
Estimate the cumulative stress reduction from maintaining a meditation streak. Enter session length and frequency to see your progress.
Compute a simple Mellin transform using numerical integration, with an overview of its applications in analysis.
Estimate fatigue life of a metal component using Basquin's equation and Miner's rule for variable amplitude loading.
Estimate how many meteors you might see during a shower based on radiant altitude, limiting magnitude, and observing time.
Compute enzyme reaction rates using the Michaelis-Menten equation. Explore how substrate concentration, Vmax, and Km affect catalytic speed.
Estimate electrical power from a microbial fuel cell using substrate concentration, flow rate, Coulombic efficiency and cell voltage.
Plan microgreen production by calculating yield, revenue, and energy costs for indoor growing operations.
Estimate the probability that a microgrid fails to island successfully using load variability, storage capacity, detection time, inverter capability, and renewable penetration.
Estimate friction head loss in a microhydro penstock using the Hazen-Williams equation to gauge net head.
Estimate daily microplastic intake from water and food sources and evaluate potential exposure risk per kilogram of body weight.
Estimate yearly microplastic ingestion from drinking water and food sources with assumed particle mass.
Generate fret positions for any equal division of the octave and explore microtonal tuning frequencies.
Find the midpoint, slope, distance, and equation of the line through two points.
Calculate the spacing between lattice planes in cubic crystals using Miller indices and lattice constants.
Generate a schedule of quick mindfulness breaks to reduce stress and boost focus. Enter your work hours, break length, and frequency.
Determine the minimal polynomial of a 2x2 matrix using eigenvalues and algebraic tests.
Construct the minimum spanning tree of a small weighted graph using Kruskal's algorithm.
Convert between mixed numbers and improper fractions with step-by-step arithmetic and a decimal approximation.
Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, or exponentiation modulo n using a lightweight browser-based tool.
Compute principal stresses and orientation using Mohr's circle from plane stress components.
Compute molality of a solution from mass of solute, molar mass, and mass of solvent. Learn how molality differs from molarity.
Determine the molar mass of a compound by entering its chemical formula. Useful for stoichiometry and laboratory preparations.
Calculate molar concentration of a solution with our Molarity Calculator. Perfect for chemistry students and lab professionals.
Compute discharge duration of a molten salt thermal energy storage system using volume, temperatures, heat capacity and plant power draw.
Compute the moment of inertia for basic shapes such as rods, disks, and spheres. Learn how mass distribution affects rotational motion.
Estimate the likelihood of mishearing song lyrics based on audio clarity, lyric complexity, listener familiarity, and background noise.
Generate a calendar for any month and year directly in your browser and learn how calendars work, from leap years to day-of-week algorithms.
Estimate your mosquito bite risk based on local density, exposure time, and personal susceptibility. Learn prevention tips to enjoy evenings outside.
Determine when to reapply mosquito repellent based on active ingredient and activity level.
Estimate coverage and time for moss graffiti installations using logistic growth adjusted by moisture availability.
Calculate the electromotive force induced in a moving conductor cutting through a magnetic field.
Convert mouse sensitivity when changing DPI settings to keep the same effective sensitivity across games.
Compare the total cost of renting a moving truck and doing it yourself versus hiring professional movers.
Convert between miles per gallon and liters per 100 kilometers with this simple fuel efficiency calculator.
Compare data egress charges across major cloud providers for a given transfer volume.
Create custom multiplication tables up to 20×20 for practicing times tables.
Determine how much water to add to mushroom substrate to reach a desired moisture content.
Calculate how long it takes to traverse magical portals using distance, portal power, and dimensional complexity. A whimsical companion for portal-hopping adventurers.
Size the planted regeneration zone for a natural swimming pool and estimate pump flow to circulate water through biofilters.
Compute probabilities for the negative binomial distribution including PMF, cumulative probability, mean and variance.
Estimate a walkability score by entering nearby amenities, transit options, and sidewalk coverage.
Determine electrode potentials using the Nernst equation. Explore how concentration and temperature affect cell voltage.
Calculate Net Promoter Score from survey responses to gauge customer loyalty and satisfaction.
Calculate theoretical firing rates of neurons based on refractory period and observation time.
Estimate the freeze-out temperature, redshift, and cosmic time when neutrinos decouple from the primordial plasma.
Compute the matter density that yields Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein resonance for neutrino oscillations.
Estimate two-flavor neutrino oscillation probability using baseline distance, energy, mixing angle, and mass-squared difference.
Estimate the half-life for neutrinoless double beta decay from the effective Majorana mass, phase-space factor, and nuclear matrix element.
Compute the required thickness of common materials to reduce a neutron flux by a desired attenuation factor using exponential removal cross sections.
Estimate the compactness and dimensionless tidal deformability Λ of a neutron star from its mass, radius, and Love number.
Forecast monthly newsletter sponsorship revenue from subscriber count, open rate, click rate, and ad pricing.
Generate an interpolation polynomial using Newton's divided differences.
Predict how an object's temperature approaches the ambient environment over time using Newton's Law of Cooling. Enter initial and surrounding temperatures, a cooling constant, and elapsed time.
Solve for force, mass, or acceleration using Newton's second law F = ma.
Compute probability density and cumulative probability for the normal distribution.
Determine downstream Mach number and property ratios across a normal shock in a perfect gas.
Estimate the binding energy of an atomic nucleus from its mass and composition. Learn how mass defect relates to stability and energy release.
Approximate the decay heat power from spent nuclear fuel after shutdown using a simple empirical formula.
Compute the Q-value of a nuclear reaction using the masses of reactants and products in atomic mass units.
Estimate how long a reactor must wait after shutdown for xenon-135 levels to decay to near-equilibrium.
Estimate time required for spent nuclear fuel to cool to a safe heat output.
Determine your numerology life path number from your birth date and explore its meaning.
Estimate how long a battery bank can power a refrigerator without recharging using capacity, depth of discharge, and energy use.
Estimate annual lightning strike probability for an offshore wind turbine using flash density, turbine dimensions and grounding.
Determine the current day of the Omer based on a Gregorian date with Hebrew calendar logic.
Determine your estimated one-repetition maximum (1RM) using weight and repetitions to plan safe strength training workouts.
Perform a one-way analysis of variance on up to four groups and compute the F-statistic and p-value.
Adjust tempo in beats per minute and practice rhythm with a browser-based metronome.
Determine the numerical aperture of an optical fiber and estimate its acceptance angle from core and cladding indices.
Compute circular orbital speed and period from central mass and orbital radius using Newtonian gravity.
Determine resonant frequencies for open or closed organ pipes using pipe length, temperature, and harmonic count.
Estimate your garden's potential harvest by entering plot size, plant density, average yield per plant, and a soil quality factor.
Compute exit velocity and volume flow rate for a sharp-edged orifice using Torricelli's law and a discharge coefficient.
Project a vector onto a subspace spanned by up to three basis vectors using matrix formulas.
Compute osmotic pressure of dilute solutions using the van't Hoff equation. Enter molarity, temperature, and the van't Hoff factor.
Compute potential electric output from an ocean thermal energy conversion system using water temperatures, mass flow and efficiency.
Estimate the thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle using compression ratio and heat capacity ratio.
Convert oven settings among Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Gas Mark for precise baking and roasting.
Compute PageRank scores for a small directed graph. Enter a 5x5 adjacency matrix and a damping factor to simulate the algorithm behind search engine rankings.
Determine whether a word, phrase, or number reads identically forward and backward with this client-side palindrome checker.
Estimate how many boxes fit on a pallet based on dimensions and stacking height.
Create a rotation schedule for pantry items to minimize waste and keep food supplies fresh.
Compute the thickness of a sheet of paper after repeated folding using a simple exponential model.
Estimate how long shredding documents will take and how many waste bags you'll need.
Compare disposable paper towel spending with the long-term cost of reusable cloths to find the most economical cleaning method.
Convert between U.S. basis weight in pounds and international grams per square meter using basis sheet dimensions.
Compute the vertex, focus, directrix, and axis of symmetry for a parabola given in standard form y = ax^2 + bx + c.
Estimate the terminal velocity and landing energy of a parachutist based on canopy size, mass, and drag coefficient.
Find equations of lines parallel or perpendicular to a given line that pass through a specific point.
Determine the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor from its area, plate separation, and dielectric constant. Useful for electronics design and physics experiments.
Compute the area, perimeter, height, and diagonal lengths of a parallelogram from side lengths and an included angle.
Find the discrete energy levels of a particle in an infinite potential well using quantum mechanical principles.
Generate rows of Pascal's Triangle and explore binomial coefficients interactively.
Calculate approximate amounts of key Seder items based on your number of guests.
Check how strong your password is with this client-side password strength checker. Learn tips on creating secure passwords.
Compute how much water and salt to use for boiling pasta based on pasta weight and desired salinity.
Estimate how many animals a pasture can support by accounting for forage yield, utilization rate, animal intake, and grazing duration.
Estimate DNA quantity after polymerase chain reaction cycles based on efficiency and starting template.
Calculate reagent volumes for multiple PCR reactions with this handy tool.
Estimate how long it takes to recharge a battery with a human-powered pedal generator.
Design mesmerizing pendulum wave installations by computing individual lengths that return to alignment after a chosen duration.
Estimate the maximal energy obtainable from a rotating black hole via the Penrose process.
Estimate spoilage risk for refrigerated foods using temperature excursions, baseline shelf life, and microbial growth kinetics.
Estimate seasonal permafrost thaw depth from thawing degree days, soil thermal conductivity, density, and ice content.
Calculate permutations and combinations for any set size directly in your browser. Great for statistics students and anyone exploring probability.
Compute the power conversion efficiency of a perovskite solar cell using open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, and incident light power.
Find the perpendicular bisector of a segment from two endpoints and explore its properties.
Project the remaining time until a hypothetical Big Rip singularity given an exotic equation-of-state parameter and Hubble constant.
Compute thermal energy stored in a phase change material from mass, specific heats, latent heat and temperature range.
Estimate brightness decay, half-life, and luminous energy for glow-in-the-dark coatings using exponential afterglow models.
Calculate how much disk space your photos will consume by entering the number of images and average file size. Learn tips for organizing and backing up your growing archive.
Determine the kinetic energy of photoelectrons by entering light wavelength or frequency and the material work function.
Compute photon energy from wavelength or frequency using Planck's relation. Learn how light's quantum nature connects energy to electromagnetic waves.
Calculate photon momentum, energy, or wavelength using Planck's relation.
Find the oscillation period of a physical pendulum using its moment of inertia, mass, distance to the center of mass, and gravity.
Determine the date for a Pidyon HaBen ceremony based on birth details and halachic day reckoning.
Evaluate custom piecewise-defined functions at any input value directly in your browser.
Compute the electricity produced by piezoelectric roadway modules from vehicle load, displacement, efficiency and traffic flow.
Calculate how many liters or gallons per minute flow through a round pipe. Enter diameter and velocity to see results instantly.
Calculate pixel density (PPI) from screen dimensions in pixels and diagonal size in inches. Useful for understanding display sharpness.
Estimate external bounce time and minimum radius for a hypothetical Planck star using loop quantum gravity scaling relations.
Compute fundamental Planck units such as length, time, mass, and temperature using gravitational, quantum, and relativistic constants.
Find out how old you would be on Mars, Jupiter, and other planets using our quick planetary age converter.
Discover how much you would weigh on planets like Mars, Jupiter, or Neptune. Enter your Earth weight to see the gravitational effect across the solar system.
Determine the electron plasma frequency from density to explore wave propagation in plasmas.
Estimate maximum accelerating gradient and energy gain in a plasma wakefield accelerator from plasma density and acceleration length.
Calculate gain adjustments needed to normalize podcast audio to a target LUFS level for consistent loudness.
Estimate the fantastically long time for a finite system to return arbitrarily close to its initial state using entropy and microscopic timescales.
Compute the electric field of a point charge or solve for charge or distance using Coulomb's law.
Numerically solve the 2D Poisson equation on a unit square with zero boundary conditions.
Solve for Poisson's ratio, axial strain, or transverse strain using the elasticity relation ν = -ε_transverse/ε_axial.
Convert coordinates between polar (r, θ) and Cartesian (x, y). Useful for trigonometry, physics, and engineering.
Determine the area of any simple polygon by entering its vertex coordinates. This tool uses the shoelace formula to handle irregular shapes.
Predict how environmental stress affects polymer longevity using UV index, temperature, and humidity.
Compute the greatest common divisor of two polynomials using the Euclidean algorithm.
Divide one polynomial by another using the long division algorithm and obtain the quotient and remainder.
Solve gas relationships and work for a polytropic process using initial state, final volume, and polytropic exponent.
Interactive Pomodoro timer with customizable work and break intervals plus an extensive guide to the technique.
Project future population numbers using birth, death, and migration rates.
Test whether a 3x3 symmetric matrix is positive definite using Sylvester's criterion and detailed explanations.
Estimate the postmortem interval using body temperature and ambient conditions with a simplified cooling model.
Determine how long a potion remains potent based on container type, storage temperature, and stabilization spells. Ideal for alchemists and fantasy gamers.
Calculate how many times a power bank can recharge your device accounting for voltage conversion losses.
Estimate the probability of a cascading failure in an electric power grid based on load stress, redundancy, weather, interconnections, and maintenance backlog.
Estimate how long refrigerated and frozen food stay safe during a power outage.
Estimate magnetic field strength from overhead powerlines and compare it with guideline limits.
Compute the magnitude of the Poynting vector from electric and magnetic fields to understand energy transport in electromagnetic waves.
Estimate when to change a pressure cooker gasket based on usage frequency and steam intensity.
Estimate immediate and time-dependent prestress losses in a concrete member to find effective prestressing force and stress.
Find the prime factors of any positive integer quickly and easily.
Generate all prime numbers up to a specified limit using the Sieve of Eratosthenes.
Estimate Hawking temperature and evaporation lifetime for a black hole from its mass.
Estimate the mass fraction of the early universe collapsing into primordial black holes from the variance of primordial density fluctuations using Press–Schechter theory.
Estimate the Big Bang nucleosynthesis helium-4 mass fraction and deuterium abundance from the baryon-to-photon ratio, neutron lifetime, and extra neutrino species.
Compute principal components for a two-dimensional data set using eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix.
Determine refractive index, prism angle, or minimum deviation using n = sin((A+δ)/2)/sin(A/2).
Calculate projectile range, time of flight, and peak height with our Projectile Motion Calculator. Perfect for physics problems and engineering tasks.
Calculate the approximate isoelectric point of a protein from counts of acidic and basic residues.
Compute the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of a 2×2 matrix using a simple SVD approach.
Determine the ideal mechanical advantage, required effort force, and rope pull for block and tackle pulley setups.
Estimate a pulsar's characteristic age, magnetic field, spin-down luminosity, and light cylinder radius from its period and period derivative.
Use classic Mendelian genetics to calculate the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parental alleles.
Project a puppy's adult weight from its current age and weight using a simple growth model and breed size adjustment.
Compute compressive strength, allowable load and melt endurance of pykrete structures from pulp fraction, dimensions and temperature.
Calculate the missing side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean theorem. Enter any two sides and instantly solve for the third.
Generate primitive and non-primitive Pythagorean triples using Euclid's formula.
Compute the one-loop running of the strong coupling α_s(Q) from the QCD scale Λ and number of active quark flavors.
Estimate the running of the electromagnetic coupling α(Q) with one-loop fermion vacuum polarization contributions.
Estimate the polarization-dependent refractive index shift and phase difference induced by strong magnetic fields via the Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian.
Upload an image containing a QR code and decode its contents instantly in your browser.
Create custom QR codes instantly with this online generator. Enter text or a URL and download a scannable code to share with others.
Compute the QR decomposition of a 2x2 or 3x3 matrix using the Gram-Schmidt process.
Solve quadratic equations instantly with our Quadratic Equation Solver. Simply input your coefficients to find real or complex roots easily.
Factor a quadratic polynomial ax^2 + bx + c into linear factors using the quadratic formula.
Solve quadratic inequalities ax^2 + bx + c > 0, < 0, ≥ 0, or ≤ 0 and return the solution intervals.
Estimate decoherence-induced error probability for a quantum computation using coherence time, temperature, noise, and gate count.
Estimate probability of burn-in for quantum dot displays based on usage hours, brightness, blue subpixel stress, and operating temperature.
Estimate how entangled states lose fidelity over time. Enter initial fidelity, coherence time, and elapsed time to predict current entanglement quality.
Calculate filling factor, Hall conductivity, Hall resistance, and Landau level degeneracy from electron density and magnetic field.
Compute quantized energy levels for a harmonic oscillator from frequency and quantum number.
Compute numerically stable, measure‑weighted survival odds across branching universes under the Many‑Worlds interpretation. Includes exact and tail probabilities, odds, bits of surprise, and sensitivity analysis.
Determine the Z2 topological invariant of a two-dimensional time-reversal-invariant insulator using Fu-Kane parity products at the time-reversal invariant momenta.
Estimate the probability of a particle tunneling through a rectangular potential barrier using mass, energy, barrier height, and width.
Compute the transmission probability for a particle encountering a one-dimensional potential barrier using the standard rectangular barrier model.
Model the minuscule chance that our universe transitions to a lower-energy vacuum state within a specified region and time.
Estimate lifetime prolongation via the quantum Zeno effect from repeated measurements.
Solve quartic equations ax^4+bx^3+cx^2+dx+e=0 using a fast iterative method implemented entirely in JavaScript.
Compute first, second, and third quartiles plus interquartile range for a dataset.
Perform basic quaternion arithmetic including multiplication, conjugation, and magnitude.
Estimate the effective coherence time of a qubit using relaxation and dephasing parameters. Learn why T1 and T2 matter for quantum computing.
Convert insulation R-value to U-value or vice versa to understand heat flow through walls, roofs, and windows.
Estimate the net cooling power of a radiative panel from surface temperature, sky temperature, convection and solar load.
Enter a radicand and root index to simplify radicals into the form a·√[n]{b} and view the decimal approximation.
Estimate the age of organic materials using the exponential decay of carbon‑14. Enter the remaining fraction and half-life to compute archaeological ages.
Estimate your chances of winning in a raffle given total tickets, your tickets, and number of prizes.
Estimate the probability of rail track thermal buckling based on temperature, curvature, and track condition.
Estimate rainwater collection and storage needs from roof area and rainfall.
Estimate the required storage capacity of a rainwater cistern from roof catchment, rainfall, efficiency, and household demand.
Size a first flush diverter for rainwater harvesting by estimating the volume required to discard initial roof runoff.
Calculate recommended spacing between contour swales for rainwater harvesting based on slope, infiltration rate, and rainfall intensity.
Convert Raman shift values to scattered wavelengths for spectroscopy experiments.
Compute the warp factor, physical mass scale, 4D Planck mass, and brane tensions in Randall–Sundrum models from five-dimensional parameters.
Compute thermal efficiency, net work output, and heat input of an ideal Rankine power cycle from state enthalpies.
Compute vapor pressures of a binary solution using Raoult's law with component mole fraction and pure-component pressures.
Solve for the missing value in a proportion and simplify ratios for classroom demonstrations.
Apply the rational root theorem to polynomial coefficients and discover all possible rational zeros.
Convert fractions with radicals in the denominator to an equivalent form with a rational denominator.
Estimate the diffraction-limited angular and linear resolution of an optical system using the Rayleigh criterion.
Compute the Rayleigh number to judge whether natural convection will occur based on temperature difference, fluid properties, and length scale.
Explore how light of different wavelengths scatters in air. Enter a wavelength to compare its scattering intensity relative to green light.
Compute the exponential growth rate of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for two superposed fluids using densities, gravity, surface tension, and perturbation wavelength.
Determine capacitor voltage or discharge time for a resistor-capacitor circuit.
Compute the cutoff frequency of a simple RC low-pass filter using resistance and capacitance values.
Estimate how often a spacecraft must perform momentum dumps given external torques and wheel capacity.
Estimate tension development length for reinforcing bars based on bar diameter, steel yield strength, concrete strength, and coating condition.
Determine recommended spacing between reinforcing bars for concrete members based on required steel area and chosen bar diameter.
Determine whether rechargeable batteries save money compared to disposables over a chosen time frame.
Calculate the volume and surface area of a rectangular prism using length, width, and height.
Solve linear constant-coefficient recurrences up to order three.
Estimate energy and CO₂ savings achieved by recycling aluminum, glass, plastic, and paper instead of sending them to landfill.
Solve for reduced mass or individual masses in a two-body system using μ = m1 m2 / (m1 + m2).
Find refractive index, light speed in a medium, or vacuum speed using n = c/v with detailed explanations of optical refraction.
Project when to clean your refrigerator's condenser coils based on pets and dust levels. Keep your fridge running efficiently with this maintenance planner.
Estimate additional electricity use caused by opening your fridge based on frequency, duration, and energy prices.
Experiment with JavaScript regular expressions and instantly see highlighted matches.
Compute area, perimeter, interior and exterior angles of a regular polygon from side length and number of sides.
Compute the outer and inner horizon radii, surface gravity, and Hawking temperature of a charged, non-rotating black hole from its mass and electric charge.
Determine relative humidity from ambient temperature and dew point using the August-Roche-Magnus approximation.
Estimate the difference between traveler time and Earth time when commuting at relativistic speeds. Helpful for futuristic workers zipping near light speed.
Determine observed wavelength or frequency shifts for objects moving near the speed of light. Ideal for astrophysics and spectroscopy.
Compute relativistic kinetic energy for particles moving near light speed using mass and velocity.
Compute relativistic momentum or solve for rest mass and velocity using the Lorentz factor and special relativity.
Combine two velocities using Einstein's special relativity formula for collinear motion.
Estimate how much CO2 you can save by working remotely instead of commuting. Enter your commute details and home energy use to see the difference.
Convert repeating decimals into exact fractions with this simple browser tool for students and teachers.
Estimate appropriate feeding intervals for pet reptiles using species, weight, and age.
Calculate your Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) based on age and account balance using the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table.
Predict future oil or gas production using Arps decline curve analysis.
Estimate the heat generated by a resistor or electrical load using current or voltage, resistance, and time.
Compute active earth pressure on a retaining wall using wall height, soil density and friction angle.
Estimate cost savings from switching to returnable shipping containers instead of disposable packaging.
Compute the Reynolds number for a fluid flow using density, velocity, characteristic length, and viscosity. Determine whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.
Convert colors from the RGB model used on screens to the CMYK model used for printing.
Compute perimeter, area, height, and diagonals of a rhombus from side length and angle using this interactive geometry calculator.
Score and sort product features using the Reach, Impact, Confidence, and Effort framework.
Calculate an earthquake's local magnitude using amplitude and distance values.
Estimate integrals using left, right, or midpoint Riemann sums.
Convert finger measurements to US, UK and EU ring sizes using a client-side calculator with size tables.
Determine median riprap stone size and weight using the Isbash formula based on flow velocity and rock density.
Analyze the transient response of a series resistor-inductor circuit driven by a step voltage source, computing current, time constant, and stored energy.
Determine impedance, phase angle, and resonant frequency for a series RLC circuit.
Estimate annual required minimum distributions from retirement accounts using age-based life expectancy factors.
Compare monthly costs of owning a robot vacuum versus cleaning floors manually.
Estimate the minimum orbital distance at which a satellite can orbit a massive body without being torn apart by tidal forces.
Calculate the density of a rock sample by entering its mass and volume.
Compute the thrust produced by a rocket engine based on mass flow rate, exhaust velocity, and pressure difference.
Use the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation to compute achievable delta-v from mass ratio and exhaust velocity. Essential for orbital mechanics and mission design.
Estimate the thermal mass volume and length of a rocket mass heater bench from desired stored heat and material properties.
Calculate a rocket's payload mass fraction from its payload, structural mass, and propellant mass using a simple ratio.
Determine wood mass and log length required for rocket stove heating from power output, burn time, and efficiency.
Determine the acceleration, time, and final speed of rigid bodies rolling without slipping down an incline.
Convert numbers to Roman numerals and back with this easy Roman numeral converter. Learn how the Roman numeral system works and its history.
Schedule periodic roof inspections based on roof age, material, and storm exposure.
Estimate axial room mode frequencies using room dimensions to plan acoustic treatment.
Split rent among roommates based on room size and amenities. Enter each room's square footage and adjust weights for fairness.
Estimate vent pipe requirements to achieve desired air changes in a root cellar.
Compute the rms speed, temperature, or molar mass of a gas using v_rms = sqrt(3RT/M).
Estimate paddock area and number of paddocks for a rotational grazing system based on herd size, consumption rates, and pasture growth.
Solve constant angular acceleration problems by entering any three of angular displacement, initial and final angular velocity, acceleration, or time.
Compute the rotational kinetic energy stored in a rotating body using moment of inertia and angular velocity.
Solve τ = Iα for torque, moment of inertia, or angular acceleration in rotational dynamics.
Estimate roulette win probabilities and expected returns for common bets on American or European wheels.
Construct the Routh table for a polynomial and count sign changes to assess stability using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion.
Estimate a recommended RSA key size based on the desired security level and compute an approximate brute-force time.
Estimate flame peak spacing and standing wave structure in a Rubens' tube based on tube length and driving frequency.
Perform a single Runge-Kutta 4th order step for first-order ODEs.
Estimate the blockade radius for a pair of Rydberg atoms given the van der Waals C₆ coefficient and Rabi frequency.
Calculate wavelength, frequency, and photon energy for hydrogen-like atoms using the Rydberg equation. Explore how transitions between energy levels produce spectral lines.
Find candle lighting and Havdalah times for the Sabbath by entering your local sunset and preferred offsets.
Estimate time delay and fringe shift produced by the Sagnac effect for a rotating interferometer.
Compute the phase shift and time delay observed in a rotating Sagnac interferometer from its geometry, rotation rate, and light wavelength.
Compute the ratio of ionized to neutral atoms in a gas using the Saha equation with temperature and electron density.
Estimate electricity from mixing freshwater and seawater using osmotic pressure differences.
Convert measurements among table salt, Morton kosher, Diamond Crystal kosher, and coarse sea salt using density-based math.
Determine the number of responses needed for reliable survey or experiment results.
Estimate energy stored in a sand heat battery, charging time, and heating duration for off-grid thermal storage experiments.
Estimate annual delta-v required for collision avoidance in satellite constellations using satellite count, cross-section, relative velocity, altitude, and mission duration.
Estimate the allowable live load on a scaffolding bay by considering leg capacity, platform size, and plank rating.
Compute the scalar triple product A·(B×C) and the volume of the parallelepiped defined by three vectors.
Create scatter plots from data pairs and explore correlation with a browser-based tool.
Estimate the radius of a black hole's event horizon from its mass using the Schwarzschild formula.
Estimate electron-positron pair production rates in a constant electric field using the Schwinger mechanism.
Convert numbers to and from scientific notation.
Estimate the maximum load a mechanical screw jack can lift based on thread geometry and material strength.
Determine the mechanical advantage of a screw and the effort force needed to lift a load using its radius and thread pitch.
Estimate the pull-out strength of a screw in wood using diameter, embedment depth, and wood specific gravity. Useful for DIY and engineering projects.
Estimate dive time from tank volume, pressures, surface air consumption rate, and depth.
Calculate the density of seawater based on temperature and salinity with a simplified UNESCO equation.
Compute the approximate age of a fossil-bearing sediment layer from its depth and the local accumulation rate.
Estimate the voltage generated by a thermoelectric material given its Seebeck coefficient and the temperature difference between hot and cold junctions.
Relate light neutrino masses, Yukawa couplings, and the heavy scale in the type-I seesaw mechanism.
Compute the design base shear of a building using spectral acceleration, importance, and response modification factors.
Compute the travel time of seismic P or S waves given distance and wave velocity. Useful for earthquake analysis and geophysical surveys.
Analyze keyword usage against total word count to maintain natural SEO keyword density and avoid search engine penalties.
Estimate when your septic tank should be pumped based on tank volume and household size.
Estimate serum osmolality from sodium, glucose, and BUN to assess hydration status and osmolar gap.
Perform union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference on two sets entered as comma-separated lists.
Determine how much fabric you need for a sewing pattern. Input piece dimensions, fabric width, and seam allowances to calculate yardage.
Estimate Shabbat candle lighting and havdalah times from latitude, longitude, and timezone.
Compute the shear stress and angle of twist in a solid circular shaft subjected to torque using polar moment of inertia and shear modulus.
Compute ultimate and allowable soil bearing pressures for shallow foundations using the Terzaghi bearing capacity equations for general shear failure.
Compute Shannon entropy from probability values to quantify uncertainty in data.
Determine the desk density of a shared office space and see if it meets your comfort standards. Enter total square footage, desk count, and your preferred square footage per desk.
Determine a material's shear modulus from measured shear stress and strain, with background on deformation and rigidity.
Determine if a given Gregorian year corresponds to a Shemitah year in the Hebrew calendar and find the next upcoming sabbatical year.
Calculate total pay including shift differential for evening, night, or weekend work.
Estimate thrust, acceleration, and travel time for moving a star using a Shkadov thruster.
Compare water consumption and heating energy between a shower and a bath to reveal the more efficient choice for your routine.
Estimate how much water you use in the shower and learn tips to conserve. Enter flow rate, shower time, and water cost.
Compute signal-to-noise ratio in linear units or decibels. Understand how noise affects communications, audio fidelity, and scientific measurements.
Round numbers to a chosen number of significant figures and count the significant digits present.
Compute the volume and weight of a silage pile or bunker from its dimensions, density, and moisture content to plan feed inventories.
Calculate the oscillation period of a simple pendulum using length and gravitational acceleration. Learn how T = 2π√(L/g) governs swing timing.
Model the risk that a simulated universe is reset after anomalous events.
Estimate the resonant humming frequency of avalanching sand dunes from grain size and gravity using an empirical formula.
Compute the singular value decomposition of a 2x2 matrix. Find U, Σ, and V^T matrices and explore detailed explanations of the SVD process.
Simulate disease spread with the classic SIR differential equations and explore reproduction numbers.
Estimate how long your skateboard deck will last based on riding hours, trick intensity, deck quality, and rider weight.
Estimate electromagnetic skin depth in conductors from frequency, resistivity, and permeability.
Convert linear equations between slope-intercept form and standard form without rounding.
Calculate potential savings from installing a smart thermostat. Enter your monthly energy cost, expected efficiency improvement, and months of use.
Estimate daily battery consumption from active smartphone sensors and sampling durations.
Plan when to change smoke alarm batteries or replace sealed alarms based on installation date and battery type.
Compare seasonal time and expense of clearing snow by hand versus using a snow blower.
Estimate roof snow load to determine whether your structure can safely handle heavy snowfall.
Estimate the water contained in a snowpack by combining snow depth and density.
Determine how much lye and water to use for your homemade soap. Adjust for superfat percentage and oil weight to create reliable recipes.
Generate a posting calendar by selecting a start date, frequency, and number of weeks.
Calculate the likelihood of finding a matching pair in your sock drawer. Our Sock Matching Probability Calculator turns laundry day into a fun statistics experiment.
Estimate how many features or lines of code your development team can deliver each release cycle using team size and productivity metrics.
Use the Universal Soil Loss Equation to estimate annual soil loss and evaluate conservation practices.
Estimate the battery capacity needed for solar systems by entering daily usage, voltage, depth of discharge, and days of autonomy.
Find out how many years it will take for a solar battery system to pay for itself based on incentives, annual savings, and how those savings change over time.
Compute the solar declination angle for any date to understand the sun's apparent seasonal movement and its impact on daylight and solar energy.
Evaluate the long-term costs of leasing, buying, or signing a power purchase agreement for a home solar system. Input system size, pricing, and energy assumptions to see which route saves more.
Estimate how long food takes to cook in a solar oven using mass, specific heat, temperature rise, and solar input.
Estimate the daily energy output of a solar array using panel wattage, sun hours, and derate factors.
Estimate how nearby obstructions reduce solar panel output using simple geometry and sun angles.
Estimate energy loss from dust and dirt accumulation on photovoltaic panels and evaluate optimal cleaning intervals.
Calculate the optimal tilt angle for your solar panels based on latitude and date to maximize energy capture.
Estimate the photon-driven acceleration of a solar sail spacecraft and the time required to reach a target velocity.
Estimate the exposure time needed to pasteurize water using solar energy based on volume, temperatures, irradiance, and collector area.
Compute the magnetic field inside a solenoid from the number of turns, current, length, and core permeability. Learn how coils generate magnetic fields with the solenoid equation.
Compute the solubility product constant or molar solubility for sparingly soluble salts using stoichiometric coefficients.
Use this solution dilution calculator to find how much stock solution and solvent you need for a target concentration. Perfect for chemistry and biology labs.
Compute the absorption coefficient of a material based on incident and reflected sound intensities and surface area.
Convert between sound intensity and decibel level or solve for reference intensity.
Sum multiple sound levels by converting decibels to intensity and back.
Estimate bulk fermentation or proofing time for sourdough based on ambient temperature and starter percentage using a Q10-based model.
Calculate the probability of a satellite colliding with orbital debris based on area, altitude, velocity, and mission duration.
Estimate casualty probability from uncontrolled space debris reentry using object mass, survival fraction, footprint width, and population density.
Compute the base tension and stress for a hypothetical space elevator cable using length, mass density and cross-section.
Estimate the exponential taper required for a space elevator cable and compute mass for a given base area using material density and strength.
Estimate safety factor for a space elevator tether segment based on material strength, diameter, payload mass, and altitude.
Determine the rotation rate or radius needed to generate artificial gravity in a rotating space habitat and assess motion sickness risk.
Assess ground-level microwave power density from a space solar power beam using power, frequency, aperture and offset.
Estimate delivered ground power from a space-based solar array using panel area, conversion efficiencies, and transmission losses.
Estimate the one-way radio signal time between Earth and a spacecraft based on distance.
Estimate the change in velocity achievable by a spacecraft using the rocket equation. Understand how mass and specific impulse determine mission profiles.
Compute the Spearman rank correlation coefficient for paired data. Convert values to ranks and measure the strength of monotonic relationships.
Determine the specific gravity of a substance or solve for its density relative to water using SG = rho_object / rho_reference.
Determine how much heat energy is required or released when a substance changes temperature. Enter mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change to compute Q=mcΔT.
Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a symmetric 2x2 matrix and display its spectral decomposition.
Estimate the spectral radius of a 2x2 or 3x3 matrix using the power method.
Convert speeds between meters per second, kilometers per hour, miles per hour, feet per second and knots.
Calculate the speed of sound in an ideal gas from temperature, molar mass, and heat capacity ratio.
Compute travel speed, distance, or time by entering any two values. Supports multiple units for quick trip planning and physics problems.
Calculate the volume and surface area of a sphere from its radius.
Solve for capacitance, inner or outer radius, or dielectric constant of a spherical capacitor using C = 4π ε₀ εᵣ ab/(b−a).
Determine image distance and magnification for concave or convex mirrors using the classic mirror equation.
Calculate when your spices expire based on type and purchase date, and get tips for storing them longer.
Calibrate boom sprayers by calculating gallons per acre from nozzle flow, travel speed, and spacing. Estimate total spray volume for any field size with on-device math.
Find the elastic potential energy, spring constant, or displacement for a Hooke's law spring.
Estimate how long a solid state drive will last before reaching its terabytes written limit using daily workload and write amplification.
Calculate the total electricity consumption for stage lights by entering fixture counts, wattage, and hours of use.
Estimate how long a dripping cave ceiling takes to form stalactites from calcium-rich water using drip rate and concentration inputs.
Estimate annual electricity cost of standby or phantom power loads.
Determine how many plants you need to sustain breathable air on your interstellar voyage. This whimsical calculator explores life-support gardening for sci-fi enthusiasts.
Create a stem-and-leaf plot from a list of numbers and visualize data distribution.
Convert your daily step count into estimated distance and calories burned using stride length and body weight.
Estimate the cosmological abundance of keV-mass sterile neutrinos produced by the Dodelson–Widrow mechanism from their mass and mixing angle.
Estimate the terminal settling velocity of small spherical particles in viscous fluids using Stokes' law.
Explore Stokes theorem on the unit disk with a custom vector field. Compute the line integral around the boundary and the surface integral of the curl.
Estimate the diffusion coefficient of small particles in a fluid using the Stokes-Einstein equation.
Determine required diameter and velocity for full-flow storm sewer pipes using the Manning equation and slope inputs.
Estimate possible storm surge heights during hurricanes by selecting storm category, tide level, and coastal slope.
Compute the discharge of a stream or river from its cross-sectional area and flow velocity.
Find out how much CO2 streaming your favorite shows produces. Enter video quality, hours watched, and device efficiency.
Compute fundamental and harmonic frequencies for a stretched string given its length, tension, and linear density.
Determine wave speed on a stretched string and its fundamental frequency from tension, linear mass density, and length.
Evaluate the quantum nonlinearity parameter χ for an electron interacting with an intense laser field.
Calculate the present lump-sum value of your structured settlement or annuity payments instantly. Find out how much your future payments are really worth today.
Compute PDF, CDF, survival probability, mean, variance, and quantiles for Student's t distribution with any degrees of freedom.
Estimate the probability of an undersea fiber optic cable outage from length, depth, fishing activity, seismicity, and path redundancy using a logistic model.
Solve Sudoku puzzles instantly in your browser using a backtracking algorithm.
Adjust sugar syrup target temperatures for altitude and learn about candy stages.
Check if your sukkah meets traditional halachic size requirements by entering its length, width, and height.
Estimate when to test and service your sump pump based on usage cycles, pump age, and last service date. Avoid water damage with timely maintenance.
Generate radial coordinates for sunflower-style seed arrangements using the golden angle and adjustable scaling.
Estimate sunrise and sunset times for any location on a specific date.
Estimate the Compton y parameter and Rayleigh–Jeans temperature decrement produced by hot electrons scattering the CMB.
Compute the Ginzburg-Landau parameter and critical fields of a superconductor from coherence length and penetration depth.
Estimate electric output from a supercritical CO2 enhanced geothermal system using mass flow rate, reservoir temperatures and conversion efficiency.
Find the area of a superellipse described by |x/a|^n + |y/b|^n = 1.
Determine the gravitational acceleration on any planet or moon using its mass and radius. Explore how surface gravity shapes planetary environments.
Compute the surface area formed when y = f(x) is revolved about the x-axis on an interval. Includes step-by-step explanations of the calculus behind the method of rotation.
Solve Young-Laplace relation for pressure difference, surface tension, or bubble radius.
Solve constant-acceleration motion problems by entering any three of displacement, initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, or time. The calculator applies the classic SUVAT equations and explains their derivation.
Compute the singular value decomposition of a 2x2 matrix to understand matrix structure.
Convert between sugar, honey, maple syrup, agave nectar, coconut sugar, and stevia using density and sweetness ratios for precise recipe substitutions.
Determine how much energy and money it takes to raise the temperature of your swimming pool. Enter pool volume, desired temperature rise, heater efficiency, and energy price.
Check whether a symmetric matrix is positive or negative definite using leading principal minors.
Determine the characteristic synchrotron radiation frequency and power emitted by a relativistic electron moving in a magnetic field.
Estimate energy loss per turn and radiated power for electrons in a synchrotron using beam energy, bending radius, and current.
Solve systems of two or three linear equations with detailed step-by-step explanations.
Explore how faster-than-light tachyon signals could create causality violations by computing arrival times in different frames.
Calculate recommended tallit dimensions based on your height and preferred style.
Solve for tangential speed, angular velocity, or radius using v = ωr.
Evaluate total costs of tankless and traditional tank water heaters by factoring installation and energy usage over time.
Generate the Taylor series of a mathematical function around a point to any order.
Calculate your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) with this straightforward calculator. Determine how many calories you need each day based on your activity level.
Calculate the diffraction-limited angular resolution of a telescope using wavelength and aperture diameter. Learn how aperture size influences your ability to separate close celestial objects.
Estimate telescope magnification and true field of view from focal lengths and eyepiece specifications.
Convert temperatures instantly between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin with this easy temperature converter.
Model forces in a three-strut tensegrity prism by computing cable tensions, strut compression, and safety margins from geometry and load.
Evaluate term life versus whole life insurance by comparing premiums, cash value growth, and investing the difference.
Compute the terminal velocity of an object falling through a fluid using mass, drag coefficient, cross-sectional area, and fluid density.
Change text between uppercase, lowercase, title case, camelCase, and more with this offline Text Case Converter. Useful for developers and writers alike.
Compare two blocks of text and highlight insertions and deletions with this offline text diff tool.
Evaluate positive and negative tone in text using a simple word list approach.
Convert written text to spoken audio directly in your browser. Adjust voice, rate, pitch, and volume and explore the science of speech synthesis.
Estimate maximum seating for a venue by entering rows, seats per row, and blocked areas. Learn how spacing and safety codes affect your theater's capacity.
Estimate seasonal energy loss and cost due to linear thermal bridges.
Evaluate indoor comfort by calculating predicted mean vote (PMV) and percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) using temperature, humidity, clothing, and activity levels.
Compute linear expansion for metals, plastics, and building materials. Enter length, temperature change, and coefficient to see how much a component expands.
Estimate the RMS thermal noise voltage generated by a resistor at a given temperature and bandwidth.
Compute thermal stress, Young's modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, or temperature change.
Determine temperature from an NTC thermistor using the Beta parameter equation.
Convert thermocouple voltage to temperature for common types using standard polynomials. Includes reference junction compensation.
Convert temperature differences into usable electricity by estimating the power of a thermoelectric generator from hot and cold side temperatures, Seebeck coefficient and module resistance.
Determine the thickness required for constructive or destructive thin-film interference at a given wavelength and refractive index.
Determine focal length, object distance, or image distance using the thin lens equation 1/f = 1/do + 1/di.
Calculate the potential power generated by tidal currents using area, flow velocity, and turbine efficiency.
Estimate tidal heating power generated inside a moon or exoplanet due to orbital eccentricity and gravitational interactions.
Estimate how long it takes a moon or planet to tidally lock to its primary.
Estimate the width and surface area of the temperate ring on a tidally locked exoplanet using a simple energy balance model.
Estimate how well different materials and environments preserve time capsule messages over decades.
Generate a fair rotating meeting schedule across many time zones so the inconvenience of off‑hour calls is shared evenly.
Determine the number of photos needed for a time-lapse project and see the final video duration.
Estimate how many solar panels and how much battery storage a tiny home requires. Enter daily energy use, panel wattage, sun hours, and efficiency.
Quickly figure out the right tip amount and split the bill with friends. Enter the bill total, tip percentage, and number of people to see how much each person owes.
Explore whether a rotating dense cylinder could create closed timelike curves by estimating mass, surface velocity, and a chronology violation parameter.
Compare two tire sizes to see differences in diameter, circumference, and speedometer accuracy.
Estimate remaining tire life from tread depth measurements and driving habits.
Evaluate the gravitational stability of a rotating disk using the Toomre Q parameter derived from sound speed, epicyclic frequency, and surface density.
Compute a topological ordering of a directed acyclic graph using Kahn's algorithm.
Compute torque from force, lever arm length and angle using the cross product definition.
Estimate the slip percentage in an automotive torque converter to evaluate performance.
Determine the torque and magnetic moment of a current loop placed in an external magnetic field.
Compute the proper torque wrench setting when using an extension or crowfoot adapter at any angle.
Estimate the time required for a tank to drain through a small orifice using Torricelli's law, accounting for fluid heights and areas.
Calculate the oscillation period of a torsional pendulum using its moment of inertia and torsion constant.
Compute the volume and surface area of a torus from its major and minor radii. Useful for 3D modeling and mechanical design.
Estimate available PTO horsepower from engine horsepower and drivetrain efficiency.
Evaluate the Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture bound on the number of inflationary e-folds for a given Hubble scale.
Calculate the area of a trapezoid using the lengths of the parallel bases and the height.
Estimate negative energy requirements for a simple Morris–Thorne wormhole.
Estimate how much carbon dioxide a tree sequesters each year using trunk diameter, species group, and growth rates.
Compute centroid, incenter, circumcenter, and orthocenter of a triangle from vertex coordinates.
Compute PDF, CDF, mean and variance for a triangular distribution using minimum, mode and maximum.
Estimate energy storage and thermal lag of a Trombe wall using wall dimensions, material properties, and solar input.
Calculate Carlson's Trophic State Index from Secchi depth, chlorophyll-a, and total phosphorus measurements to classify lake productivity.
Determine the panel point load on a simple roof truss by entering the total load and number of panels. Learn how engineers balance forces using this basic method.
Generate a full truth table for any propositional logic expression using AND, OR, NOT and XOR operators.
Determine how much sealant to pour into tubeless bicycle tires using diameter, width, and desired fill percentage.
Compute the net thrust and thrust specific fuel consumption of a turbofan engine from airflow and fuel parameters with this interactive tool.
Evaluate the Chern number of a two-dimensional two-band lattice model from its mass parameter.
Estimate how long an underwater habitat can maintain safe CO₂ levels based on volume, crew, and scrubbing capacity.
Estimate underwater acoustic transmission loss using range, frequency, and spreading geometry. Includes absorption via the Thorp formula.
Estimate weekly unemployment insurance benefits using wage history, replacement rate, and maximum limits.
Look up Unicode code points, view decimal, hexadecimal and binary representations, and explore character categories.
Find sine, cosine, and tangent values and coordinates on the unit circle for a given angle in degrees or radians.
Explore speculative propulsion by estimating Unruh radiation temperature, power, and thrust for an accelerating spacecraft.
Estimate potential temperature reductions by adding tree canopy and reflective surfaces to urban areas.
Estimate annual vegetable yield from a rooftop garden by entering usable area, planting density, and number of harvests.
Analyze a URL into protocol, host, path, and query parameters entirely in your browser.
Transform any phrase into a lowercase, hyphenated slug suitable for URLs.
Find the optimal USB-C Power Delivery voltage and current pair to meet a desired wattage while respecting cable limits.
Estimate when to replace your vacuum cleaner bag based on floor area cleaned, dirt density, and bag capacity. Maintain peak suction with this planner.
Estimate shell thickness, mass, and net lift for speculative vacuum balloons using material density and strength.
Compute the Vainshtein radius where nonlinear interactions screen modifications to gravity around massive bodies.
Estimate dome capacitance, maximum voltage, charging current, and charge time for a Van de Graaff electrostatic generator.
Estimate the pressure of a real gas using the Van der Waals equation with adjustable constants a and b. Compare non-ideal behavior to the ideal gas law.
Add two 2D or 3D vectors using component-wise addition to find the resultant vector, magnitude, and direction.
Calculate the cross product of two vectors and learn how this fundamental operation is used in physics and engineering for torque, rotation, and area calculations.
Compute the dot product and angle between two 3D vectors.
Compute the length of a vector from its components using this client-side vector magnitude calculator.
Calculate velocity and pressure changes in a Venturi tube using inlet area, throat area, fluid density, and inlet velocity.
Estimate daily and monthly electricity use of a vertical farm using area, light level, efficiency and photoperiod.
Project yearly crop yield and electricity usage for a vertical farm by entering grow area, levels, crop productivity, and lighting parameters.
Estimate the coverage, premiums, and break-even point for insuring a vinyl record collection.
Estimate how many virus copies accumulate mutations across generations given a replication factor and mutation rate.
Predict the approximate reach of an ash cloud using plume height, wind speed, and particle size.
Estimate aircraft engine damage risk from volcanic ash exposure using concentration, duration, and thrust.
Estimate a safe evacuation radius around a volcano based on the Volcanic Explosivity Index and population density.
Calculate voltage drop across electrical conductors to size wiring correctly and avoid energy loss.
Estimate generations, probe counts, and total time for self-replicating probes to spread across a galaxy.
Estimate the frequency of vortex shedding behind a cylinder or other bluff body using flow velocity, object size, and the Strouhal number.
Compute the Walsh-Hadamard transform of a sequence using a fast butterfly algorithm.
Estimate the comoving free-streaming horizon and corresponding mass scale for warm dark matter particles.
Compare annual costs of reusable washable HVAC filters against disposable replacements.
Calculate when to descale a washing machine by considering water hardness and laundry frequency.
Adjust water bath canning times for altitude to ensure safe preservation.
Estimate the time required to heat water to a target temperature based on volume, heater power, and efficiency.
Plan when to replace household water filters based on usage and capacity.
Estimate the transient pressure spike caused by sudden changes in flow using the Joukowsky equation.
Estimate the optimal interval to replace a water heater's sacrificial anode rod based on water hardness and hot water usage.
Estimate thermal expansion volume and choose an expansion tank size for residential water heaters.
Estimate how often your tank-style water heater should be flushed to remove sediment based on water hardness and usage.
Estimate when to flush water heater sediment based on tank volume and water hardness.
Determine the ideal water heater size for your household using the number of occupants and bathrooms. Learn how capacity and first-hour rating affect performance.
Estimate when your water softener will need its next salt refill using hardness, capacity, and household water use.
Estimate the mechanical power produced by a water wheel from flow rate, head and efficiency.
Solve the one-dimensional wave equation with fixed ends using a finite difference method.
Compute the cutoff frequency of rectangular waveguides from dimensions and mode indices using classic microwave formulas.
Convert wavelength to frequency or vice versa for any wave speed.
Compute the Weber number to judge droplet deformation and breakup using fluid density, velocity, characteristic length, and surface tension.
Estimate monthly data transfer and hosting costs by entering page size, monthly visitors, and bandwidth pricing.
Determine the ideal mechanical advantage of a wedge and the effort force needed to drive it under a load using its geometry.
Estimate the filamentation growth rate in anisotropic plasmas using beam and background densities along with the Lorentz factor.
Compute probability density and cumulative values of the Weibull distribution.
Convert weights between kilograms, pounds, ounces, grams, tons and more with this weight converter.
Compute a weighted average easily. Enter up to three values with their weights to see the weighted mean.
Perform weighted linear regression to find the slope and intercept that minimize weighted squared error.
Compute a weighted moving average of a numeric series for forecasting and trend analysis.
Determine appropriate weld preheat temperature using carbon equivalent and thickness.
Compute the required fillet weld size based on applied load, weld length, and allowable stress.
Estimate the heat input of your welds using voltage, current, and travel speed.
Compute the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle system and the effort force needed at the rim to raise or lower a load on the axle.
Find inner clearance and outer poke differences when changing wheel width or offset using this browser-based wheel fitment calculator.
Model sound travel around circular whispering galleries by arc length, travel time, and attenuation.
Estimate the airflow needed for a whole house fan using floor area, ceiling height and target air changes per hour.
Estimate WiFi coverage based on router power, frequency, and obstacles. Learn how placement and materials affect wireless signal strength.
Estimate indoor particulate levels during wildfire smoke events using air exchange, filtration, and deposition inputs.
Estimate the thermal relic density of a weakly interacting massive particle from its mass and annihilation cross-section.
Use our Wind Chill Calculator to discover how cold it really feels outside. Enter air temperature and wind speed to get the perceived temperature and learn safety tips for extreme cold.
Estimate power output reduction from blade icing and assess risk of turbine shutdown
Calculate the capacity factor of a wind turbine using rotor size, wind speed, efficiency and rated power.
Calculate the blade tip speed and tip speed ratio of a wind turbine to help evaluate aerodynamic performance.
See how upgrading windows reduces heating costs by calculating heat loss differences.
Estimate the fermentation duration for red or white wine based on temperature and starting sugar levels.
Compute the aspect ratio of a wing from span and area to explore stability and efficiency in aerodynamics.
Calculate the safe current capacity of electrical wire based on gauge size, material, insulation rating, ambient temperature, and bundling.
Plan when to reseal a wooden deck by factoring sun exposure and rainfall into a tailored maintenance timeline.
Determine the appropriate throat diameter for an Imbert-style wood gasifier based on engine displacement and gas production rates.
Compare seasonal operating costs of wood, gas, and electric fireplaces using local fuel prices and energy needs.
Quickly count words, characters, and lines in your text with this lightweight word counter. Perfect for writers, students, and developers needing an offline tool.
Compute work, force, displacement, or angle for constant-force problems using W = F d cosθ. Includes a detailed explanation of the work concept and practical examples.
Estimate how much CO2 you save by working from home compared to commuting, including home electricity use.
Compute the next yahrzeit date by converting the original date of passing into the upcoming Hebrew calendar anniversary.
Transform YAML documents to JSON on the fly with this offline converter. Paste YAML and instantly get a JSON representation.
Determine Young's modulus from applied force, cross-sectional area, and elongation. Explore the relationship between stress and strain.
Estimate total watch hours and days to reach YouTube goals from video metrics.
Estimate the wavelength shift of atomic spectral lines in a magnetic field using the Zeeman effect. Explore atomic physics and spectroscopy.
Generate tailored .gitignore files for your projects by selecting common templates and combining them with ease.
Estimate how long a spool of filament needs in a dehydrator to reach a target moisture level.
Estimate how much filament your 3D print will consume by converting model weight to filament length.
Estimate CO₂ emissions from filament production and printer electricity usage.
Use our 3D Printing Cost Calculator to estimate material, electricity, and machine costs for your prints. Plan budgets accurately and learn tips for saving money.
Estimate how long a 3D print will take by entering filament length, average print speed, and travel percentage. Learn tips to reduce printing time and optimize settings.
Estimate labeling effort reductions when using active learning instead of random sampling.
Estimate voltage resolution, quantization noise, and theoretical SNR for an analog-to-digital converter given its bit depth and full-scale voltage.
Predict how quickly your chatbot will respond based on model size, user load, and server latency. Useful for planning infrastructure.
Determine the number of labeled examples needed for quality control given dataset size, confidence, and error tolerance.
Estimate the cost of performing ethics and fairness audits on your AI projects. Input complexity, auditing hours, rates, and tooling expenses.
Predict the expense of generating images with AI models using token-based pricing.
Estimate energy consumption, electricity cost, and carbon emissions for running AI inference workloads. Enter token counts, throughput, GPU wattage, and energy price.
Estimate how many months remain before an AI model becomes obsolete given rates of compute, algorithmic, and data growth.
Estimate how much AI text to speech generation will cost based on character counts, voice options, and provider pricing.
Estimate compute, time, energy, and electricity cost for training large AI models based on parameters, tokens, and hardware.
Estimate labeling and preprocessing expenses when creating a dataset for machine learning projects.
Estimate litres of water consumed while training an AI model based on energy use, cooling efficiency, and water-per-kWh.
Estimate the price of producing AI-generated videos using token-based pricing models for modern text-to-video services.
Determine air-fuel ratio, lambda, and mixture richness for various fuels using mass flow inputs and stoichiometric references.
Estimate theoretical parallel speedup and efficiency using Amdahl's law for a given parallelizable fraction and processor count.
Estimate how labeling error rates influence model accuracy and wasted spending on data annotation.
Plan your request schedule based on provider rate limits. Calculate optimal delay and time to complete large batches.
Estimate potential API security risk based on endpoint count, data sensitivity, and authentication strength.
Plan your API budget by estimating monthly request costs. Enter rate per thousand calls, daily volume, and days in use.
Estimate the arc flash boundary distance using fault current, system voltage, and clearing time. Learn how to reduce risk when working on live equipment.
Convert text into stylized ASCII art banners using this offline generator.
Convert plain text into ASCII decimal and hexadecimal codes or decode ASCII values back into readable text.
Compute aspect ratios, resize dimensions, and learn why consistent proportions matter in photography, video production, and design.
Analyze your microphone's sound spectrum in real time and record short clips directly in your browser.
Check if your new furniture will fit before you buy. Enter room and item dimensions to calculate remaining space.
Generate UPC-A, EAN-13, or Code-128 barcodes directly in your browser. Perfect for product labels, inventory, and shipping.
Convert numbers between any bases from 2 to 36 using this offline base-N converter.
Encode or decode Base64 strings effortlessly with this Base64 Encoder/Decoder tool for developers.
Estimate latency, throughput, and cost implications of batching requests during LLM inference.
Quickly estimate how long it takes to fully charge a battery by entering its capacity and charger current. Learn about charge rates, efficiency, and best practices.
Estimate internal resistance of a battery using open-circuit voltage, load voltage, and load current.
Predict how long your phone, laptop, or other gadget will run on a single charge using battery capacity and power consumption.
Determine the total voltage, capacity, and energy of a custom battery pack by entering cell specifications and series/parallel counts.
Score the Beck Depression Inventory-II questionnaire and interpret severity of depressive symptoms.
Estimate the optimal time to post on social media by analyzing follower time zones. Includes detailed guide and formulas for maximizing audience engagement.
Convert numbers between binary, decimal, hexadecimal, and octal instantly. Ideal for programmers, students, and electronics hobbyists who need a quick base converter.
Compute the Biot number to assess the validity of lumped capacitance in transient heat conduction.
Estimate potential bitcoin mining revenue and profit based on hash rate, power usage, electricity price, network difficulty, block reward, and BTC price.
Perform bitwise AND, OR, XOR, NOT and shift operations on integers with instant binary and hexadecimal output.
Estimate the potential range of a Bluetooth connection by entering transmitter power, receiver sensitivity, frequency, and environment.
Determine your correct bra size by entering bust and band measurements. Includes detailed explanation of sizing methods, formulae, and a full guide to interpreting the results.
Convert text to Braille and decode Braille back to text using Unicode patterns.
Estimate duty cycle and inductor ripple current for a basic step-down switching regulator.
Rate software bugs by severity, user impact and effort. Use this Bug Fix Priority Score Calculator to decide which issues to address first.
Answer four yes or no questions to evaluate potential alcohol misuse using the CAGE screening tool.
Calculate the horizontal and vertical angle of view for any camera and lens combination using sensor size and focal length.
Compute capacitive reactance from capacitance and frequency, and estimate current for a given voltage in AC circuits.
Measure the difference between required skills and your current abilities. Plan your professional development with a clear skills gap score.
Compute the cash ratio to evaluate the strictest measure of a company’s liquidity.
Estimate the radio horizon and approximate coverage area for a cellular tower based on tower and device height.
Find an integer solution for simultaneous congruences using the Chinese remainder theorem.
Estimate panel load and recommended breaker size from total wattage and voltage inputs.
Predict when your API usage will exceed its budget by modeling growth in call volume.
Determine whether a cloud backup service or an external hard drive offers the most economical way to protect your data.
Estimate monthly virtual machine costs across major cloud providers based on CPU, memory, and runtime.
Estimate data usage and potential internet cost of cloud gaming sessions based on resolution, bitrate, and playtime.
Estimate the total cost of renting GPUs in the cloud by combining compute hours, storage, and data egress fees.
Determine the characteristic impedance of a coaxial transmission line from its conductor diameters and dielectric constant.
Estimate the cyclomatic complexity of your codebase by entering function counts and decision points. Understand how maintainable your project is.
Compute accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score from true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives.
Estimate total CPU and memory required for a group of containers. Useful for Kubernetes or Docker deployments.
Estimate memory, throughput, and cost impacts when extending transformer context windows.
Estimate the number of backers your crowdfunding campaign could attract based on daily traffic and conversion rates.
Visualize and generate CSS border-radius values for each corner with detailed explanations of elliptical curves.
Build a natural cubic spline through a set of data points and evaluate it.
Calculate the current ratio and working capital to assess short-term liquidity.
Compute the volume and surface area of a cylinder instantly by entering its radius and height. Perfect for estimating storage tanks, pipes, or any cylindrical object.
Estimate the daily light integral (DLI) based on light intensity and hours of exposure. Useful for greenhouse and indoor growers.
Track sugar grams from meals and drinks throughout the day and compare with recommended limits.
Calculate potential financial losses from a data breach including per-record costs and mitigation expenses.
Estimate annual cooling water consumption and cost for a data center using IT load, water usage effectiveness, hours of operation, recycling rate, and local water pricing.
Estimate communication time and cost overhead for data-parallel training with ring all-reduce.
Convert between bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and petabytes with a client-side data size converter.
Convert digital storage between bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes and more.
Estimate workforce requirements, timeline, and budget for labeling datasets with configurable quality review overhead.
Estimate token and cost savings achieved by removing duplicate data from large corpora.
Compare electricity use and cost between a desktop computer and a laptop for the same workload.
Estimate per-query noise scales and remaining privacy budget under Laplace or Gaussian mechanisms.
Estimate the probability of data corruption over time from bit rot using storage size, medium type, years of storage, and redundancy copies.
Calculate a fair price for digital art commissions by considering hours, materials, and complexity factors.
Estimate the time and storage money saved by regularly deleting unused files and organizing your digital life.
Create a personalized schedule to cut back on daily screen time with this Digital Detox Planner.
Estimate likelihood of computer vision syndrome based on screen time, breaks, brightness, and blue light filtering.
Project the long-term cost of storing ever-growing digital files based on accumulation rates and storage prices.
Compare monthly living expenses between two cities or countries to help digital nomads plan budgets.
Plan redundant backups for your photo collection using the 3-2-1 rule and estimate storage costs.
Estimate annual CO2 emissions from local or cloud data storage.
Estimate how much it costs to reach and maintain Discord server boost levels by entering current boosts and price per boost.
Estimate how long DNS changes will take to propagate worldwide based on TTL, update time, and resolver behavior.
Estimate token and cost overhead introduced when splitting documents into overlapping chunks for retrieval-augmented generation.
Forecast annual renewal expenses and monthly budgeting for domain name portfolios.
Calculate how long a file download will take based on file size and connection speed.
Estimate drought severity using monthly rainfall compared with historical averages.
Estimate how much carbon dioxide you can avoid by biking electrically instead of driving.
Compare latency and cost when deploying workloads on edge devices versus cloud servers.
Evaluate household electrical load when using multiple EV chargers.
Estimate memory footprint and monthly cost of storing vector embeddings.
Determine an engine's static compression ratio from cylinder dimensions and combustion chamber volume.
Estimate enterprise value and its multiple of EBITDA to assess corporate valuation.
Estimate bandwidth consumption and time overhead for federated learning rounds.
Compute how long it will take to move data across a network by entering file size and connection speed. Plan uploads and downloads with this file transfer time calculator.
Estimate sprinkler system flow and base of riser pressure using the density-area method, sprinkler K-factors and Hazen-Williams friction.
Estimate how secure your floating island will be by balancing diameter, altitude, and anchor strength. A playful yet practical tool for dreamers and world-builders.
Compute free-space path loss for wireless signals based on frequency and distance.
Estimate the cash value of airline miles or points when booking flights or upgrades.
Compute the geographic midpoint for multiple latitude and longitude pairs using a spherical average. Useful for meeting location planning or geographic analysis.
Estimate potential WiFi disruptions caused by paranormal activity based on ghost density, house age, and router placement. A fun tool for haunted homeowners.
Determine the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score using eye, verbal, and motor responses to quickly gauge traumatic brain injury severity.
Estimate financial and energy costs from underutilized GPUs in a computing cluster.
Estimate memory usage, throughput impact, and cost when using gradient accumulation to reach large effective batch sizes.
Estimate memory savings and time overhead when using gradient checkpointing during neural network training.
Determine how many bushels and tons of grain a round bin holds using diameter, grain depth, and type. Calculations run entirely in your browser.
Estimate total storage required for a grandfather-father-son backup rotation by entering backup sizes and retention counts.
Estimate the cost of a GraphQL query by assigning weights and depth. Helps developers cap expensive operations and guard APIs.
Determine whether an exoplanet lies within the circumstellar habitable zone based on star luminosity and orbital radius.
Calculate the remaining amount of a radioactive substance after a given time using its half-life.
Estimate how elevated operating temperatures shorten hard drive life using an Arrhenius-based model and annual failure rates.
Enter the number of hashes you plan to generate and the bit size of the hash to approximate the probability of a collision using the birthday bound.
Estimate head loss in water pipes using the Hazen-Williams equation for flow, diameter, length, and roughness constant.
Translate Hebrew to Phoenician or Phoenician to Hebrew instantly in your browser. This offline tool preserves privacy and uses a detailed letter mapping for accurate results.
Convert hexadecimal color codes to RGB values and back. Learn how digital color models work and explore color representation.
Run high intensity interval training sessions with adjustable work and rest periods using this browser-based HIIT timer.
Compute the maximum number of bits that can be stored within a spherical region according to the holographic principle.
Estimate your insulin resistance using fasting glucose and insulin levels with the HOMA-IR formula.
Compare the monthly cost of a home broadband connection against using a mobile hotspot data plan.
Calculate the monthly and yearly electricity cost of running home lab servers by entering wattage, quantity, and utility rates.
Build optimal prefix codes for up to five symbols using the Huffman algorithm. Includes step-by-step explanation and tables.
Compute recommended round duct diameter from airflow and friction rate using a simplified equal friction approach.
Estimate time and financial cost of exhaustive grid search versus random search for machine learning hyperparameters.
Calculate the inductive reactance of a coil for a given frequency and inductance. Understand how inductors impede alternating current.
Plan GPU instance counts, cold start latency, and monthly spend when autoscaling inference services.
Convert chest and waist measurements into US, UK, and EU clothing sizes with letter equivalents.
Estimate monthly internet data usage, overage amounts, and excess fees based on streaming, downloads, and backups.
Convert IPv6 addresses to full notation, apply a prefix, and view network range and host capacity.
Compute the Lagrange interpolating polynomial that passes through a set of points.
Use Lagrange multipliers to locate extrema of a function subject to an equality constraint.
Estimate how long your laptop battery will last based on capacity, screen brightness, CPU load, and peripheral usage.
Estimate the monetary cost of each charge cycle and kilowatt-hour delivered by a laptop battery based on replacement price, capacity, and cycle life.
Compare monthly electricity costs of laptops and desktop PCs based on wattage, usage hours, and energy rates.
Estimate particle diameter from laser diffraction patterns using the first minimum relation.
Calculate the resonant frequency of an LC circuit using inductance and capacitance. Understand oscillations in radios, filters, and matching networks.
Calculate the minimum wattage and amperage for your LED strip lighting project by entering strip length and power usage per meter.
Compute Legendre polynomials of arbitrary degree and evaluate them at a point.
Estimate how much you'll owe in library late fees based on daily charges and the number of days past due. Plan returns or renewals to minimize penalties.
Estimate agricultural lime needed to raise soil pH based on current pH, target pH, soil texture, and field size.
Estimate the bandwidth you need for live streaming with multiple cameras. Enter bitrates and streaming hours to plan your network.
Calculate the recommended bitrate and upload bandwidth for live video streaming based on resolution, frame rate, and compression.
Add up capture, encoding, network, buffering, and playback delays to see end-to-end live streaming latency.
Estimate GPU hours and monetary cost for fine-tuning large language models using dataset size, epochs, and hardware parameters.
Estimate the likelihood of hallucinations from large language models using temperature, prompt clarity, training coverage, and context length.
Estimate the GPU memory needed to run large language models with different precisions and batch settings.
Estimate logistic regression parameters using gradient descent for simple data.
Perform integer long division with detailed step-by-step breakdowns. Enter a dividend and divisor to see the quotient, remainder, and each subtraction stage.
Compare memory and cost requirements of full model fine-tuning versus parameter-efficient LoRA adaptation.
Estimate how long a LoRaWAN sensor will run by combining battery capacity, transmit current, duty cycle, and sleep draw.
Create random lottery ticket numbers for Powerball, Mega Millions, and EuroMillions. Learn about odds, combinations, and responsible play.
Generate random MAC addresses with optional prefixes for testing and networking labs.
Estimate monthly expenses for running a Mastodon social network instance. Enter user counts, storage, and bandwidth rates to project hosting costs.
Estimate the computational throughput of a nested shell Matrioshka brain around a star.
Compute the maximum flow between two nodes in a small network using the Edmonds–Karp algorithm.
Calculate theoretical memory bandwidth from bus width, clock rate, and data rate type (SDR, DDR, QDR).
Estimate your upcoming period, ovulation date, and fertile window using the Menstrual Cycle Calculator. Understand each phase of the cycle with detailed explanations and tables.
Track your intake of key vitamins and minerals and compare against recommended daily allowances.
Predict your monthly mobile data usage based on daily habits like streaming and browsing. See whether your plan will cover your needs or if you'll face overage fees.
Estimate monthly and yearly costs of retaining model checkpoints across training runs.
Estimate training cost and inference benefits when distilling a teacher model into a smaller student model.
Analyze latency and expense of deploying multiple models together in an ensemble for inference.
Estimate the number of labeled examples required to detect accuracy improvements between machine learning models.
Estimate energy use, emissions, and electricity costs for serving machine learning model inferences.
Estimate memory, latency, and cost savings when pruning neural network parameters.
Approximate memory reductions, latency improvements, and cost savings from quantizing neural network parameters.
Forecast training loss improvements when increasing dataset size using empirical scaling law parameters.
Generate a harmonious set of heading and body font sizes using a modular scale. Enter a base size and ratio to see consistent typography.
Screen for bipolar disorder symptoms using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire and interpret the results.
Translate text to Morse code and decode Morse back to letters instantly. Works offline in your browser for secure practice.
Estimate how long a swarm of nanorobots will take to cover a given area based on robot speed, sensing width and swarm size.
Translate text to NATO phonetic alphabet words and decode them back to plain text.
Estimate your position in the wealth distribution. Enter your household net worth to see which percentile you fall into based on U.S. survey data.
Estimate monthly network egress charges from major cloud providers for transferring data out of their platforms.
Estimate how much GPU memory your neural network architecture will need by entering layers, parameters, and batch size.
Estimate overall noise figure from stage gains and noise figures using the Friis formula.
Analyze the relationship between signal bandwidth and sampling rate, compute the Nyquist frequency, and explore aliasing.
Solve the theta-beta-Mach equation to find shock angle, downstream Mach number, and property ratios for supersonic flow over wedges.
Solve Ohm's law by entering any two of voltage, current, and resistance. Useful for electronics projects and circuit analysis.
Model the speculative computational power available as a closed universe collapses toward Tipler's Omega Point.
Calculate the voltage gain and output of ideal operational amplifier configurations including inverting and non-inverting modes.
Determine whether two open source licenses can be combined in the same project using a simplified compatibility matrix.
Evaluate short-term liquidity by comparing operating cash flow to current liabilities.
Estimate VRAM required for parameters, gradients, and optimizer states for different optimizers.
Compute OEE using planned production time, downtime, ideal cycle time, total parts, and good parts to evaluate manufacturing efficiency.
Determine total wages by entering hourly rate, regular hours, overtime, and double-time details.
Calculate paint mixing ratios to blend custom colors with precision. Enter base colors and total volume to get exact measurements.
Estimate how much money your business can save by switching from paper documents to digital workflows.
Estimate the wattage needed for your computer build. Enter CPU, GPU, and component power draw to see the recommended power supply size and learn tips for efficient builds.
Estimate the minimum copper trace width required for your printed circuit board based on current, copper thickness, and temperature rise. Learn about PCB design considerations and safe operating limits.
Compute percent error between a measured value and a known or theoretical value. Useful for science labs and data analysis.
Estimate how long a lead-acid battery will last under various loads using Peukert's law.
Estimate how likely an email is to be a phishing attempt by checking for common red flags.
Calculate required pipe wall thickness using internal pressure, diameter, allowable stress, and corrosion allowance.
Model training pipeline bubble overhead and cost estimator.
Calculate your annual plastic waste and see how small lifestyle changes can reduce your environmental impact. Perfect for eco-conscious households and sustainability advocates.
Estimate the MP3 file size of your podcast based on bitrate and length. Helps with hosting and download planning.
Estimate how your podcast audience can grow week by week using new listener gains and retention.
Plan the ideal publication schedule for your podcast episodes and keep listeners engaged.
See how much you and your network earn from each sponsored podcast episode. Enter downloads, CPM rate, and percentage share.
Fit a polynomial of chosen degree to data using least squares regression and view coefficients, predictions, and residuals.
Calculate how much chlorine shock your swimming pool needs. Enter pool volume and current chlorine level to keep your water safe and sparkling clean.
Convert power values between watts, kilowatts, horsepower, BTUs per hour and more using this simple power converter.
Find out how much reactive power you need to add with capacitors to reach your target power factor. Enter real power, apparent power, line voltage, and desired power factor.
Calculate the Prandtl number from viscosity, specific heat, and thermal conductivity to gauge relative thickness of velocity and thermal boundary layers.
Compute flow deflection and final Mach number for isentropic expansion of a supersonic stream.
Estimate token cost and latency savings by caching repeated prompts and completions when serving large language models.
Estimate your future paid time off balance with our PTO Accrual Calculator. Enter your current hours, accrual rate, and usage to plan vacations with confidence.
Estimate the smallest QR code version required for your data length, type, and error correction level.
Estimate physical qubits needed to embed a problem on a quantum annealer using variable count, graph density, and chain length.
Approximate the execution time of a quantum circuit from gate counts and operation times.
Estimate the band gap of a semiconductor quantum dot based on its radius using a simple effective-mass approximation.
Estimate the overall error probability of a quantum algorithm given per-gate error rates and the number of operations.
Estimate the maximum secure fiber length for quantum key distribution using loss, detector efficiency, dark counts, and QBER threshold.
Calculate the quick ratio to measure immediate liquidity without relying on inventory.
Determine the maximum detection range of a radar system using transmitter power, antenna gain, wavelength, target cross-section, and system losses.
Estimate tubing length, number of loops, and circuit distribution for radiant floor systems.
Compute usable capacity and drive fault tolerance for RAID levels 0,1,5,6,10 with this client-side RAID storage calculator.
Use the Rational Method to calculate peak runoff from rainfall intensity, drainage area, and runoff coefficient. Learn about stormwater management and design considerations.
Calculate the potential amount of rainwater you can collect and size a storage tank based on daily usage. Input roof area, rainfall, efficiency, water demand, and desired days of reserve.
Generate random first and last name combinations for placeholder data, characters, or testing.
Generate random numbers locally without contacting any server. Choose your range and quantity for quick results in the browser.
Shuffle a list of names into evenly sized teams with this client-side randomizer.
Compute peak discharge using Q = CiA for small drainage basins and explore runoff coefficients for various surfaces.
Estimate capacitor voltage and current over time for charging or discharging in an RC circuit using resistance, capacitance, and supply values.
Calculate the time constant of a resistor-capacitor circuit and learn how it affects voltage rise and fall. Great for electronics hobbyists and engineers.
Find the best meeting times for remote interviews. Enter time zones and availability to calculate overlapping windows.
Calculate the daily hours two or more remote team members have in common to schedule meetings effectively.
Estimate how a material's electrical resistivity changes with temperature using a linear temperature coefficient.
Use this resistor color code calculator to quickly determine resistance values from four colored bands. Includes a thorough guide to interpreting electronic color codes for hobbyists and engineers.
Compute equivalent resistance for up to five resistors wired in series or parallel and estimate current for an optional supply voltage.
Estimate the revenue efficiency of advertising campaigns by dividing total revenue by ad spend using this interactive Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) Calculator.
Compute return on capital employed from EBIT and capital employed to assess how productively a business uses long-term funding.
Convert between RGB and HSL color spaces and learn how the models relate with formulas, examples, and a detailed primer on color theory.
Analyze damping behavior in a series RLC circuit by computing natural frequency, damping ratio, and response classification.
Project the time and expense of collecting human preference comparisons for RLHF training.
Compute the torque a robotic arm needs to lift a payload based on arm length, load mass, and operating angle. Learn how mechanical factors influence robot design.
Estimate how long your robot pet's battery will last using capacity, daily play time, and power mode. A fun tool for futuristic households and hobbyists.
Plan routine maintenance for a robotic companion, factoring in usage hours and special upgrades. A quirky tool for sci-fi enthusiasts and tinkerers.
Weigh the speculative costs and benefits of supporting a hypothetical future basilisk AI.
Suggest a router reboot interval based on device load and firmware age.
Compare two software-as-a-service pricing tiers by projecting total cost for your team size and usage period.
Compare the long-term expense of subscribing to SaaS software against operating a self-hosted alternative.
Estimate how much daily sunlight you should seek based on latitude and time of year to help manage Seasonal Affective Disorder.
Determine the azimuth and elevation angles needed to align a satellite dish toward a specific satellite.
Approximate how long a satellite will remain in low Earth orbit before atmospheric drag causes it to re-enter using a simplified ballistic coefficient model.
Answer five SCOFF questions to evaluate possible symptoms of anorexia or bulimia and decide if you should seek professional advice.
Estimate your allowable Section 179 deduction, bonus depreciation and remaining basis for business equipment purchases.
Estimate the storage space your CCTV system needs by entering camera bitrate, recording hours, and retention days. Learn tips for managing video footage efficiently.
Estimate revenue and productivity losses when a critical system goes offline.
Estimate the probability that a server stays operational given MTBF and MTTR values. Useful for reliability engineering.
Estimate theoretical channel capacity from bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.
Estimate the required embedment depth and total length of a cantilever sheet pile retaining wall in homogeneous soil.
Evaluate current and dynamic resistance of a p-n diode using the Shockley diode equation.
Convert shoe sizes between US, UK, EU, and Japan measurements with this convenient tool. Enter your current size and instantly see equivalents across regions.
Estimate the credence that our reality is a computer simulation using Bostrom-style reasoning.
Compute sample skewness and kurtosis to assess distribution shape.
Determine whether replacing a smartphone battery or buying a new phone is more cost-effective.
Estimate how screen brightness impacts smartphone battery life using baseline draw and screen power consumption.
Compare the expected annual cost of paying for screen repairs out of pocket versus carrying smartphone insurance.
Estimate the current trade-in value of your smartphone by accounting for depreciation and cosmetic condition.
Compare two smartwatches by estimating daily battery life based on capacity and power draw.
Estimate time and cost of uploading data versus shipping a drive through the mail.
Estimate how many days your snowboard wax will last based on conditions and mileage.
Compute engagement rates from likes, comments, and shares. Compare current and previous posts to visualize trends.
Compare claiming ages to find the break-even point where delaying Social Security yields more lifetime benefits.
Estimate Social Security spousal benefits and compare them to your own retirement benefit based on claiming age and full retirement age.
Compare software license expenses with productivity gains to determine if commercial tools are worth it.
Balance solar energy harvest and device consumption to plan sustainable duty cycles.
Estimate the inductance of a solenoid from turns, coil dimensions and core properties using the classic formula L = μ0 μr N^2 A / l.
Determine the exact flour and water needed to feed your sourdough starter for consistent growth and flavor.
Determine the equivalent spring constant for up to five springs in series or parallel and estimate extension under a given force.
Compute the mean and standard deviation of a set of numbers to understand variation.
Estimate monthly Starlink bandwidth use and overage costs from your streaming, gaming, and video call hours.
Visualize equity dilution and founder ownership across funding rounds with our interactive calculator. Perfect for startups raising seed, Series A, and beyond.
Simple stopwatch utility with lap tracking and detailed explanation of time measurement.
Calculate optimal streaming start times based on viewer time zones and your availability.
Project how long it will take to hit your next subscriber milestone based on current numbers and average monthly growth.
Calculate network, broadcast, and host information from any IPv4 address and prefix length with this browser-based subnet calculator.
Estimate how quickly your subreddit could grow by modeling daily subscriber gains and audience saturation.
Estimate the sustainable growth rate from return on equity and retained earnings to gauge how fast a company can grow without new capital.
Transform any text into a spectrum based on common grapheme-color synesthesia associations. Designers and educators can explore how letters and numbers appear to synesthetes.
Compare cost and time of collecting real data versus generating synthetic data to reach a target dataset size.
Perform synthetic division of polynomials by (x - c). Enter coefficients and divisor to obtain quotient and remainder instantly.
Evaluate power towers like a^^b for small integer heights.
Plan meetings across multiple time zones with this browser-based meeting planner. Enter working hours for each location to discover the best overlap without sending data to external servers.
Estimate wasted tokens and additional cost stemming from suboptimal tokenization.
Generate sine, square, triangle, or sawtooth tones in your browser with adjustable frequency and volume.
Calculate the efficiency of a torque converter using input and output RPM values along with slip.
Convert engine torque and RPM to horsepower or kilowatts. Learn how torque relates to power output and why both values matter for vehicles and machinery.
Convert torque between newton meters, pound feet, and inch pounds with this interactive tool.
Check the accuracy of your torque wrench by comparing applied torque to measured bolt preload.
Calculate the secondary voltage of an ideal transformer from the number of turns on each coil and the primary voltage. Learn how electromagnetic induction links turns ratio to voltage ratio.
Estimate the base resistor needed to bias a BJT transistor using supply voltage, desired collector current, and transistor gain.
Determine precise oil quantities for two-stroke engines based on desired gas-to-oil ratios and fuel volume.
Determine how long your uninterruptible power supply will run during an outage using battery capacity, load wattage, and inverter efficiency.
Easily encode or decode URLs in your browser with this client-side tool. Perfect for developers and marketers who need quick conversions without network requests.
Determine whether your USB-C charging hub can power all connected devices simultaneously by summing their wattages and comparing to hub capacity.
Generate UUIDs instantly with this online UUID/GUID generator. Ideal for developers needing client-side unique identifiers.
Estimate the storage space needed for a video by entering duration and bitrate. Learn how resolution and compression affect size.
Estimate video rendering time by entering project length, frame rate, and per-frame render speed. Optimize your editing process with realistic time expectations.
Estimate how much data your streaming habits consume each month. Enter video quality, hours watched, and devices to manage your internet plan.
Encode or decode text with the classic Vigenère cipher using a customizable key, all processed locally in your browser.
Estimate how many registrants will actually attend your virtual seminar or webinar based on marketing and reminder strategy.
Estimate the carbon emissions generated by video meetings based on duration, participants, and video quality.
Calculate monthly costs for cloud servers based on CPU, memory, storage and bandwidth usage. Plan your budget for virtual machines with this easy tool.
Compare the monthly cost of running applications on virtual machines versus containers. Determine which approach saves money.
Estimate how many minutes of clean audio you need to produce a convincing synthetic voice, accounting for desired similarity and noise.
Determine output voltage from a simple resistor divider. Explore how ratios affect signal levels and bias points.
Estimate whether paying for a commercial VPN service or operating your own server is cheaper based on users, server fees, and electricity.
Compute reflection coefficient, standing wave ratio, and return loss from line and load impedances.
Estimate how many pallets or cubic feet your warehouse can hold based on its dimensions and aisle layout.
Convert water hardness between parts per million, grains per gallon, and German degrees. Learn about hardness levels and how to soften water.
Compute the unknown resistance in a Wheatstone bridge using three known resistors under the balance condition.
Enter rise height and preferred slope ratio to compute a wheelchair ramp length that meets accessibility guidelines. Learn how ramp angle, materials, and landings affect usability.
Enter two 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi channel numbers to estimate their frequency overlap and interference risk.
Estimate signal strength after passing through walls of different materials using typical attenuation values.
Compute the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs and learn how it evaluates median differences.
Calculate recommended corridor width and area to help wildlife move between habitats.
Compute working capital turnover by comparing net sales to average working capital, complete with detailed explanation and interpretation.
Estimate the annualized internal rate of return for cash flows occurring on arbitrary dates using the XIRR method.
Format XML with indentation and validate well-formedness directly in your browser.
Convert XML documents to JSON format right in your browser with this offline XML to JSON converter.
Compute the Z-transform of a finite sequence at a complex point.
Determine output voltage, load current, and zener dissipation for a basic zener diode regulator. Enter source voltage, zener voltage, series resistance, and load.
Compute the mass of crushed limestone required to neutralize an acidic lake and raise its pH.
Estimate the carbon emissions produced by training machine learning models. Input GPU hours, power usage, and local electricity carbon intensity.
Compute air changes per hour and required ventilation flow for interior spaces based on room volume and airflow.
Estimate the electricity cost difference between using an air fryer and a conventional oven.
Determine the recommended Clean Air Delivery Rate for your space. Enter room dimensions and desired air changes to pick the best air purifier.
Estimate AQI from PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. Learn how air quality is classified and why it matters for health and outdoor activities.
Estimate the warming impact of aircraft contrails from flight distance, fuel burn, and forcing index.
Estimate biodiesel production and carbon dioxide fixation from a microalgae cultivation system.
Estimate the biofilter area needed for a recirculating aquaculture system using feed rate and nitrification capacity.
Design a thriving aquaponics setup by matching fish tank volume with grow bed size and pump flow. Learn how to maintain a healthy ecosystem.
Calculate the CO2 injection rate for your aquarium by entering tank volume, current CO2 level, and target concentration. Discover tips for healthy plants and fish.
Determine ideal aquarium lighting hours based on tank type and natural daylight. Learn how proper schedules promote healthy fish and plants.
Determine how much water to add or remove to reach the ideal salinity for your marine aquarium.
Estimate the number of fish that can comfortably live in your aquarium. Enter tank volume and average fish size to get a starting recommendation, along with tips for proper filtration and maintenance.
Estimate how often and how much water to change in your aquarium based on tank size, waste load, and filtration.
Project when a groundwater aquifer may run dry using recharge, extraction, growth, and climate trends.
Determine the maximum exposure time before star trails appear using focal length and sensor crop factor.
Estimate flood probability from atmospheric river events using integrated vapor transport, duration, soil saturation, and watershed area.
Determine insulation thickness, volume, and bag counts for your attic based on area, desired R-value, and material type.
Estimate the number of bees in your hive by entering frame count and bees per frame. Learn how colony population affects management and honey production.
Compare your current packaging expenses with biodegradable alternatives and see the cost premium per unit.
Estimate decomposition time for biodegradable plastics under landfill conditions.
Compute the board foot volume of a tree log using Smalian's formula. Enter log diameters and length to estimate usable lumber.
Convert butter amounts to equivalent oil and water or reverse the process for accurate baking substitutions.
Encode or decode messages using the classic Caesar substitution cipher.
Estimate when your car battery will likely need replacement using age, climate, and mileage.
Estimate how much you can save by carpooling to work or school. Enter distance, fuel efficiency, gas price, tolls, parking, and number of carpoolers to see the savings.
Estimate disinfection effectiveness by multiplying chlorine concentration and contact time and comparing to regulatory CT requirements.
Estimate steady-state CO₂ concentration and time to reach a threshold in a classroom based on ventilation and occupancy.
Design a garden that thrives amid shifting weather patterns. Estimate your climate resilience score based on zone, rainfall, and temperature.
Determine the ideal amount of water for your ground coffee using customizable brew ratios to craft pour over or drip coffee.
Determine the ideal coffee-to-water ratio for flavorful cold brew. Adjust batch size and dilution to craft smooth, delicious cold brew concentrate.
Estimate the carbon emissions from your daily commute. Enter travel distance, vehicle emission rate, work days, and weeks per year.
Determine how often to turn your compost based on pile temperature, moisture, and volume. Maintain balanced decomposition with this planning tool.
Find the ideal carbon to nitrogen ratio for your compost pile. Input amounts of green and brown materials to get instant feedback on how to reach the recommended 30:1 ratio.
Estimate microbial heat from compost piles and predict how long they can warm a water-filled tub.
Calculate the return on investment of a home composting setup by comparing avoided waste costs and fertilizer value.
Estimate how long it takes for kitchen scraps and yard waste to turn into usable compost. Enter pile size, temperature and moisture to forecast decomposition time.
Estimate water, cement, fine and coarse aggregate quantities for a concrete batch based on desired strength and slump using a simplified mix design method.
Determine accumulated thermal stress on coral reefs by summing weekly sea surface temperature anomalies over a selected period.
Calculate radiative forcing and approximate temperature change from variations in atmospheric CO₂ concentration using a logarithmic formula.
Gauge the probability of supply chain disruption for critical minerals using supplier concentration, geopolitical risk, demand growth, recycling, and substitution.
Predict total crop yield based on acreage, expected production per acre, and anticipated losses.
Instantly calculate Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) to better understand your customer's worth and optimize your marketing strategies. Perfect for ecommerce, SaaS, and subscription businesses.
Calculate the daylight factor for a room using outdoor and indoor light measurements or window parameters.
Estimate the number of daylight hours for any latitude and day of year and explore how Earth's tilt creates seasonal changes in insolation.
Estimate sediment plume spread from deep sea mining operations using release rate, particle settling velocity, current speed and depth.
Estimate annual diaper waste mass, volume, and long-term persistence in landfills.
Estimate the mass and volume of waste generated by daily use of disposable masks and compare it to familiar plastic items.
Estimate downstream dissolved oxygen using the Streeter–Phelps model with deoxygenation and reaeration rates.
Calculate potential profits from recycling electronic waste. Enter collection weight, revenue per kilogram, processing cost, and overhead to see net earnings.
Estimate the costs of a green burial or eco-friendly funeral service compared to a conventional ceremony.
Estimate annual carbon dioxide emissions for electric and gasoline cars and find when one is cleaner.
Compute the Oceanic Niño Index from three months of sea surface temperature anomalies to classify ENSO events.
Estimate how an electric vehicle battery's capacity declines with age, mileage, charge cycles, and climate. Plan future range by understanding degradation.
Determine the financial return from recycling electric vehicle batteries. Enter pack weight, recycling cost, recovered material value, and handling expenses to estimate profit and ROI.
Calculate daily irrigation volume based on reference evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, and area.
Compare greenhouse gas emissions for express air shipping versus ground delivery.
Determine how often to repaint your home's exterior based on siding material, climate, and sun exposure. Plan your next paint job with this easy calculator.
Calculate how much fertilizer you need based on area size, desired nutrient rate, and fertilizer grade.
Estimate the drive torque needed for a DIY filament extruder based on barrel diameter, extrusion pressure and drivetrain efficiency.
Determine the number of fireflies or other bioluminescent organisms needed to light a walkway at a desired lux level.
Approximate how long logs need to season before burning based on species, moisture and climate.
Estimate a sustainable catch limit based on biomass, growth rate, and exploitation percentage.
Estimate carbon emissions from a flight using origin and destination coordinates.
Estimate daily water collection from a fog harp given fog liquid water content, wind speed, collector area, and efficiency.
Determine how far you can see in foggy conditions using relative humidity and light extinction. Based on Koschmieder's law.
Estimate the ideal furnace size for your home using square footage, climate zone, insulation quality, and efficiency to compute BTU needs.
Find the best dates to start seeds and transplant your favorite vegetables based on your local frost date.
Evaluate how appealing your garden is to bees and butterflies using bloom variety, flower density, and habitat space.
Predict ground-level concentrations from a continuous point source using a simplified Gaussian plume model.
Estimate potential flood volume from a glacial lake breach using area, depth, and breach geometry.
Estimate annual mass balance of a glacier using accumulation, ablation, area and time.
Compute approximate meltwater volume generated by a glacier using area and melt depth.
Convert between decimal degrees and degrees-minutes-seconds for latitude and longitude. Learn how geographic coordinates work.
Convert wet grain weights to a standard moisture basis and calculate shrink losses.
Calculate the payback period for a home graywater recycling system based on installation cost, water savings, and usage.
Estimate waste diversion and leftover trash for eco-conscious events.
Calculate how much rainfall your green roof can absorb and retain based on roof area, soil depth, and rainfall amount.
Estimate the volume of rainfall a vegetated roof can retain and the probability of overflow during a storm.
Convert masses of CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into total CO2 equivalent using 100-year global warming potentials and learn why equivalency metrics matter.
Estimate annual water savings and payback period for residential greywater reuse systems.
Calculate cumulative growing degree days from daily temperature data and a base temperature to plan crop development.
Calculate the cost of running an electric heat pump based on energy usage, electricity rates, and heating hours.
Estimate how much water to carry on a hike based on duration, temperature, and exertion.
Compare the cost per pound of homegrown vegetables to store-bought produce by accounting for seeds, equipment, water, and yield.
Estimate the years required for a home microgrid system to pay for itself. Enter installation costs, battery storage, and annual energy savings.
Estimate the moisture percentage in honey using a refractometer Brix reading so you know when frames are ready to harvest.
Compute soil infiltration capacity and cumulative infiltration over time using Horton's equation.
Estimate the financial and environmental impact of food discarded at home using waste mass, cost, and emissions factors.
Estimate how much of your household waste you divert from the landfill through recycling and composting.
Determine how much light your indoor plants need. Enter plant type and window direction to see recommended placement and care tips.
Convert text to HTML entities and decode entities back to characters.
Estimate hydrogen production, volume, and energy use for water electrolysis based on current, voltage, time, and efficiency.
Convert images to Base64 strings or decode Base64 back into images entirely within your browser.
Calculate a score that reflects indoor air quality based on CO2 levels, humidity, and VOC concentration.
Predict indoor carbon dioxide concentration based on room size, occupancy, and air changes per hour.
Estimate how much carbon dioxide indoor plants remove from a room based on plant count, species absorption rate and room size.
Estimate the recovery time for common injuries by combining severity, age, and rest quality.
Design a personalized intermittent fasting schedule with preset methods and a copyable timetable. Consult a professional if you have diabetes.
Estimate irrigation water needs from crop evapotranspiration, rainfall, and system efficiency to schedule watering.
Decode JWT tokens safely in your browser with this offline JWT decoder utility.
Estimate how long water stays in a lake using volume and inflow or outflow rates.
Estimate annual and cumulative methane generation from landfilled waste using a first-order decay approach.
Estimate the carbon footprint payback when replacing an old laptop with a newer, energy-efficient model.
Estimate leaf area index (LAI) from total leaf surface area and ground coverage to analyze crop or forest growth.
Determine daily amounts of two feeds to meet a desired crude protein level based on animal weight and intake.
Estimate daily water needs for different livestock species based on body weight, temperature, and herd size.
Estimate water flow in open channels using the Manning equation. Enter area, wetted perimeter, slope and roughness to compute discharge and velocity.
Estimate how many tons or gallons of manure are needed to meet crop nutrient goals based on manure analysis, field size, and nutrient availability.
Calculate how many grams of microplastic fibers your laundry may release per wash based on load weight, fabric type, and washing machine.
Assess mold growth risk based on temperature, humidity, exposure time, and material type using a simple mold index model.
Find the moon phase for any date with our Moon Phase Calculator. Learn about each lunar phase and how it influences tides, gardens, and traditions.
Plan your garden with the moon. Enter a starting date and crop type to see the best planting dates according to the lunar cycle.
Model the mass, thermal resistance, and compressive strength of a mycelium composite brick based on dimensions and density.
Estimate nitrate leaching from soil using concentration, drainage, and area inputs to assess groundwater contamination risk.
Convert numbers into English words and decode written numbers back to digits with this offline Number to Words converter.
Estimate how rising atmospheric CO₂ alters seawater pH using a simple Henderson–Hasselbalch approach based on alkalinity.
Estimate how long common plastics persist in the ocean under varying UV, temperature, and mechanical stress conditions.
Estimate radial and azimuthal components of the heliospheric magnetic field using the Parker spiral model.
Estimate the number of parking spaces required for a project based on building use, floor area, and local transit options.
Decompose simple rational expressions into partial fractions for easier integration.
Determine recommended south-facing glazing area for a passive solar greenhouse based on latitude and season.
Determine the optimal overhang length to shade windows in summer while admitting winter sun using latitude and solar geometry.
Plan how many hours of sun your patio receives throughout the year to optimize plantings and outdoor seating.
Plan the number of trees, shrubs, and ground covers for a garden bed using permaculture principles and plant spacing.
Estimate ground subsidence risk from permafrost thaw using temperature rise, ice content, load, drainage, and years.
Estimate performance decline of perovskite photovoltaic modules over time using initial efficiency, annual degradation and operational years.
Compute how much pesticide concentrate and water to mix for a desired spray volume and concentration. Avoid guesswork and keep applications precise.
Estimate ultimate and allowable bearing capacity for a single vertical pile using end bearing and skin friction in cohesive soils.
Compute a planet's equilibrium temperature from its stellar flux and albedo to understand climate conditions.
Estimate the subsolar magnetopause distance where solar wind pressure balances a planet's magnetic field.
Estimate plant available water from field capacity, wilting point, and root depth to evaluate soil moisture reserves.
Determine your USDA plant hardiness zone by entering your average annual extreme minimum temperature. Plan gardens with confidence.
Determine how often to water your plants by entering plant type, pot size, and environment. Learn tips to prevent overwatering and underwatering.
Estimate how much plastic waste you generate each year from common single-use items and explore ways to reduce your footprint.
Estimate the hours needed for scripting, recording, and editing your podcast episode with this calculator.
Quickly estimate the ideal liner size for a backyard pond. Enter pond length, width, and depth to find liner dimensions with overlap.
Estimate groundwater drawdown near a pumping well using the Thiem equation with flow rate, transmissivity, and radial distance.
Calculate the pressure exerted by electromagnetic radiation on a surface, including options for absorption or reflection.
Estimate how much rainwater you can harvest from your roof and find the right barrel size to meet your gardening needs.
Find the ideal rain garden size for your property using rainfall depth, impervious area, and soil absorption.
Project how much rainwater you can collect from your roof each year and evaluate tank overflow and days of supply based on daily usage.
Determine how much soil you need for new raised beds. Enter length, width, and depth to calculate volume, plus tips on soil mixes and layering.
Estimate financial and climate penalties when recycling loads exceed contamination limits.
Compute reference evapotranspiration ET0 using the FAO Penman‑Monteith equation with weather data inputs.
Estimate carbon dioxide equivalent emissions and potential cost from refrigerant leaks using charge amount, GWP, leak rate, and years of operation.
Estimate how quickly a roof insulation upgrade will pay for itself through reduced energy bills. Enter installation cost and expected monthly savings.
Calculate approximate roof snow loads using ground snow load, exposure, and thermal factors. Learn how roof slope and design considerations impact snow buildup.
Estimate remaining power output from satellite solar arrays based on mission duration, radiation flux, thermal cycling, and cell degradation coefficients.
Estimate basic decompression stop times for recreational dives using depth and bottom time.
Project cumulative sea level rise using annual rate and acceleration assumptions to explore climate change impacts.
Convert Secchi disk depth to turbidity, euphotic zone depth, and estimated chlorophyll concentration.
Estimate how many seeds are required for a field based on area, spacing, and germination rate.
Estimate how many plants fit in a garden bed based on row and plant spacing.
Input species counts to compute the Shannon diversity index and assess ecological diversity.
Compute the additional travel time experienced by light passing near a massive object using the Shapiro delay formula.
Compute bed shear stress and dimensionless Shields parameter to evaluate sediment mobilization in open channels.
Estimate the Shockley–Queisser detailed balance limit for a single-junction photovoltaic cell given the band gap and temperatures.
Compute a safe handheld shutter speed limit using focal length, crop factor, and image stabilization to minimize motion blur.
Calculate the electricity cost of running a slow cooker for delicious meals with minimal effort.
Estimate how much you can save on electricity by using smart thermostats, LED lights and automation. Enter your current bills and expected efficiency to discover yearly savings.
Estimate allowable soil bearing capacity using Terzaghi's formula for shallow foundations.
Compute soil bulk density from mass and volume and estimate total porosity using particle density.
Estimate how quickly water soaks into soil using test depth and time. Useful for irrigation planning and stormwater management.
Determine how much lime or sulfur your soil needs to reach a target pH. Enter current pH, desired pH, area, and soil texture for a quick estimate.
Determine USDA soil texture class from sand, silt, and clay percentages using the soil texture triangle.
Estimate annual backup power costs for a solar battery system compared to a fuel generator.
Estimate passive airflow driven by a solar chimney from height, temperature difference and cross sectional area.
Enter your latitude and longitude to see if upcoming solar eclipses will be total or partial from your location using a simple distance model.
Estimate the chance of an M-class solar flare using sunspot number and solar flux.
Estimate collector area needed for a solar food dehydrator based on food mass, moisture removal and solar insolation.
Estimate how often to clean your solar panels based on dust levels, rainfall, and tilt angle. Keep your photovoltaic system running efficiently.
Determine how often to wash solar panels by comparing soiling losses, energy prices, and cleaning costs to identify the break-even interval.
Estimate how a photovoltaic system's capacity declines over the years. Enter initial wattage, annual degradation rate, and years to project remaining output.
Calculate the sun's current azimuth and elevation for any location and time. Useful for solar panel setup, photography, and astronomy.
Compare solar roof installation cost with a conventional roof and estimate payback period from electricity savings.
Predict the volume of distilled water a solar still can produce from sunlight, basin size, and efficiency.
Estimate the likelihood of high-frequency radio communication blackouts due to solar storms using sunspot number, solar flux, CME speed, and operating frequency.
Estimate astronaut suit temperature from metabolic heat, solar flux, emissivity and cooling capacity.
Predict species richness for a habitat using the classic species-area power law to explore biodiversity loss or gain from area changes.
Transcribe spoken words into written text using your browser's SpeechRecognition API. Start, stop, and explore recognition accuracy.
Determine required area and plan dimensions for isolated spread footings based on column load, soil bearing capacity, and chosen aspect ratio.
Calculate radiant heat emission using the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Determine power based on temperature, surface area, and emissivity.
Compute Stirling numbers of the second kind to count set partitions.
Compute total and unit stream power from discharge, slope, and width to assess river erosion intensity.
Calculate yearly carbon emissions for various commute methods and discover potential savings.
Predict the final temperature of a river after mixing with heated effluent and evaluate compliance with thermal discharge limits.
Estimate daily hot water production from a thermosiphon solar water heater using collector area, insolation and efficiency.
Convert time between seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years with this time converter.
Estimate watershed time of concentration using the Kirpich equation and learn how flow length and slope influence runoff timing.
Estimate how many herbs or vegetables you can grow on a small balcony. Input container count, sunlight hours, and plant spacing to predict yield.
Estimate microplastic particles released from vehicle tire wear using distance, vehicle mass, tread compound and driving style.
Convert dissolved calcium and magnesium concentrations into total hardness as CaCO3 and interpret water softness categories.
Compute effective field capacity, operation time, and fuel use for farm machinery using implement width, speed, and efficiency.
Compute annual soil loss using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) with rainfall, soil, slope, cover, and practice factors.
Convert Unix timestamps to readable dates and convert dates back to epoch seconds with this easy Unix Timestamp Converter for developers.
Estimate steady-state pollutant concentration in a city using a simple box model with emissions, wind speed, and mixing height.
Estimate nighttime urban heat island intensity from surface cover, anthropogenic heat and wind.
Estimate incremental sky brightness from city lighting and assess visibility risk for stargazing
Model how much a planting project could cool a paved area by estimating canopy coverage and using published heat island mitigation research.
Estimate how street tree plantings reduce stormwater runoff volume and overflow risk through canopy interception and soil infiltration.
Estimate saturation vapor pressure, actual vapor pressure, and vapor pressure deficit from air temperature and relative humidity.
Calculate how much produce you can grow in a vertical garden. Input tiers, plants per tier, yield per plant, and harvests per year.
Calculate biochemical oxygen demand loading and population equivalent for wastewater flows.
Estimate your household water footprint from daily activities like showers, laundry, and lawn watering. Learn how to conserve and reduce usage.
Estimate household water softener capacity and salt consumption from hardness, occupancy, and usage.
Compute the annual water balance for a watershed using precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff.
Compute the power available in ocean waves from height and period to aid renewable energy planning.
Estimate the energy use and CO2 emissions generated by serving a webpage based on page size, traffic, and energy mix.
Estimate wet bulb temperature from air temperature and relative humidity. Learn how moisture affects perceived heat.
Estimate effluent concentration and mass removal of nutrients in a treatment wetland using first-order kinetics.
Determine the wavelength of maximum emission for a blackbody at any temperature using Wien's displacement law.
Use the Wind Erosion Equation to approximate annual soil loss from wind based on erodibility, climate, surface roughness, field length, and vegetative cover.
Calculate the potential power output of a small wind turbine with our Wind Turbine Energy Calculator. Enter blade size, wind speed, and efficiency to see daily energy production.
Estimate when to replace window caulking using climate zone, orientation, and caulk type.
Estimate annual cooling energy savings from installing window tint using solar heat gain coefficients.
Estimate how often to replace windshield wiper blades based on climate and usage.
Find out how large your worm composting bin should be based on household food scraps and worm count. Get tips on bedding materials and maintenance.
Estimate your warmth in icy terrain using fur length, snow depth, and activity level. A humorous tool for cryptid enthusiasts and winter hikers.
Estimate how much money you can save by diverting household waste from landfills through recycling and composting.
Estimate the number of acoustic panels needed to reach a target reverberation time based on room dimensions. Learn how sound absorption improves comfort and clarity.
Use our simple and accurate Age Calculator to find your exact age or the time between two dates in years, months, and days. Perfect for birthdays and events.
Estimate the BTU rating needed for an air conditioner based on room size, insulation, sun exposure, and occupancy.
Convert traditional oven temperatures and cook times to air fryer settings. Get quick, crispy results and learn tips for adapting recipes.
Determine the ideal filter flow rate for your fish tank based on volume and stocking levels. Keep your aquarium clean and healthy.
Compute the water volume of your aquarium from length, width, and height. Get results in gallons and liters to plan fish stocking and filtration.
Estimate ideal proofing time based on room temperature, yeast amount, and hydration.
Find out how much vent area your attic needs to prevent moisture buildup and reduce energy costs.
Check how uncommon your favorite baby name is with our uniqueness score calculator. Enter a name to see where it ranks among popular choices.
Calculate ingredient weights for bread using baker's percentage with flour as the reference.
Convert cake and casserole recipes to fit different pan sizes by calculating area and volume ratios.
Convert baking powder requirements into precise amounts of baking soda, cream of tartar, and optional starch.
Predict how many days a banana needs to reach your desired ripeness and estimate its sweetness level using a temperature-sensitive model.
Determine how much baseboard trim you need and the material cost by entering room dimensions, door openings and waste.
Estimate the financial benefit of waterproofing your basement by comparing project costs against potential water damage expenses.
Estimate time and money saved by preparing meals in bulk compared to cooking individually.
Determine the proper bathroom exhaust fan size using room dimensions, desired air changes per hour, and fixture counts to control humidity and odors.
Quickly estimate how much propane your grill uses each month based on BTU rating, cooking time and frequency.
Estimate soaking and cooking times for beans based on type, weight, and method.
Estimate how long it will take to grow your beard to a target length and review weekly progress.
Create a daily Bible reading schedule based on total pages and desired completion time.
Estimate boiling time for eggs based on size, starting temperature, and desired doneness using a heat transfer formula.
Estimate the boiling point of water at different elevations using standard atmosphere equations. Understand how altitude and pressure influence cooking times and safety.
Forecast how long it will take to read through a backlog of books using average page counts, reading speed, and daily reading time.
Estimate total punches thrown in a boxing workout using round length, combos per minute, and punches per combo.
Estimate how much food to pack for your camping trip. Calculate total calories, cost, and weight based on campers, trip length, and meal preferences.
Calculate how long your candle will last based on wax weight, per-wick burn rate, and number of wicks. Helpful for candle makers planning inventory and burn sessions.
Figure out exactly how much wax you need for container candles using our Candle Wax Volume Calculator. Input jar size and desired fill level for accurate measurements and tips on melting and fragrance ratios.
Plan a minimalist capsule wardrobe by tallying clothing pieces, total cost, and outfit combinations.
Estimate the expense of renting carpet cleaning equipment versus hiring professional cleaners for your home.
Estimate your cat's age in human years quickly. Learn how feline aging works and how to care for cats at every life stage.
Plan charcoal quantities for kettle, ceramic, or barrel grills based on temperature and cook time.
Determine salt concentration in your cheese aging brine or compute how much salt and water you need for a target percent.
Predict how many eggs your hens will lay. Enter flock size, expected eggs per hen per week, and time frame to plan for sales or household use.
Plan ideal melting, cooling, and working temperatures for dark, milk, or white chocolate.
Estimate how many days your cider will take to ferment based on gravity and temperature.
Estimate the total budget needed to restore a classic car. Include purchase price, parts, labor, paint, and miscellaneous expenses to see the full cost.
Calculate the final alcohol by volume of a cocktail by entering the volumes and ABV of each ingredient.
Compute percentage weight loss during coffee roasting by comparing green and roasted bean weights.
Estimate how long it takes to roast coffee beans to your desired level using bean weight, roaster power, and roast style.
Quickly calculate the volume of concrete needed for slabs, columns, and footings.
Estimate primary consolidation settlement of a clay layer using the one-dimensional e-log sigma relationship.
Convert conventional oven recipes for convection baking and vice versa. Enter the original temperature and cooking time to get precise adjustments.
Quickly convert cooking measurements including cups, tablespoons, grams, ounces, and temperatures. Perfect for baking, cooking, and international recipes!
Estimate how much each wear of a garment actually costs by factoring in purchase price, cleaning expenses, and eventual resale value.
Find the critical angle for total internal reflection when light travels from a denser to a rarer medium.
Estimate how often you need to purchase cuticle oil based on drop usage and daily applications.
Enter sunrise and sunset times to estimate the five daily Islamic prayer times. Great for travelers or those tracking a spiritual routine.
Easily calculate the number of days between two dates with our simple Date Difference Calculator. Ideal for countdowns and tracking important events.
Find the perfect dehumidifier capacity for any room. Enter your space dimensions and humidity level to see the recommended pint rating and learn how to control moisture.
Calculate how long a stick of deodorant will last and how much you spend per day based on stick size and usage.
Predict how far a disc golf throw will travel using release speed, angle, and disc stability.
Compare cost per puff of disposable vapes versus refillable setups by entering prices, puffs, and component lifespans.
Figure out how long your home renovation project will take. Enter rooms, hours per room, and your weekly work schedule.
Estimate the annual cost of handling pests yourself versus hiring a professional exterminator including time and material value.
Find out your dog's age in human years with this quick Dog Age Calculator. Just enter your dog's age to see the equivalent human age.
Compare the long term expenses of hiring a dog walker with sending your pet to daycare using this client-side calculator.
Find the ideal water to flour ratio for any bread recipe using this simple dough hydration calculator.
Calculate how much it costs to charge your electric bike. Enter battery capacity, electricity price, and charger efficiency to plan your riding budget.
Determine when an e-reader and digital purchases become cheaper than buying physical books.
Calculate how much nicotine base and diluent are needed to mix a custom e-liquid at your desired strength and volume.
Determine how many books you need to read for an e-reader to cost less and weigh less than print.
Determine how many drops of essential oil to mix with a carrier oil for a chosen dilution percentage.
Estimate the total cost to install an electric vehicle charger at home. Includes equipment price, electrician labor, permits, incentives, and more.
Find out how much it costs to charge your electric vehicle at home. Enter battery size, electricity rate, and charger efficiency to see the total.
Calculate how long it takes to charge your electric vehicle and how much it costs based on charger power, battery size, and electricity rates.
Estimate how long it takes for eyebrows to reach your desired length with growth rates and trimming intervals.
Estimate how long an eyelash growth serum bottle will last and project yearly spending.
Estimate how much a piece of fabric will shrink after washing based on fiber content and preshrink percentage.
Project how long your facial serum bottle will last based on drop size and daily applications.
Estimate the harmony score of a room using feng shui principles. Adjust layout, natural light, and clutter to improve energy flow.
Estimate the appropriate fire extinguisher rating for a room or building based on area and hazard level.
Estimate the number of tiles or planks needed for your flooring project. Enter room dimensions, tile size, and wastage allowance to get accurate results.
Find quick substitutions for common food allergens like eggs, milk, wheat, and nuts. Enter the amount used in a recipe to see equivalent alternatives.
Estimate the financial impact of food expiring before you eat it by listing items, costs, and use-by dates.
Plan your weekly meals to minimize leftovers and reduce food waste. Calculate portions and shopping lists precisely.
Blend multiple foundation shades to create your perfect match. Enter proportions for each color and total volume needed.
Design the perfect perfume or cologne with our Fragrance Blend Ratio Calculator. Enter percentages for top, middle, and base notes to see how much of each oil you need.
Determine the alcohol by volume of your homemade fruit wine using original and final gravity readings.
Calculate the ideal watering time for your garden using soil type, climate, area, and sprinkler flow rate. Keep plants healthy and conserve water.
Estimate how long it may take to research a family tree based on generations, hours per ancestor, and an increasing difficulty multiplier.
Predict vegetable yield in a gnome-tended garden by factoring gnome count, plot size, and magical fertilizer. A whimsical tool for gardeners with a fantastical twist.
Determine recommended gutter dimensions based on roof area, rainfall intensity, and roof pitch. Keep your home safe from water damage with properly sized gutters.
Mix salon-quality hair dye with confidence. Enter dye amounts and developer ratio to calculate total mixture for your desired hair color.
Predict how many washes your hair color will last using dye type, wash frequency, and sun exposure.
Estimate how long your hair will grow over weeks or months. Enter current length and average growth rate to create a personalized timeline.
Determine your hair porosity level by timing how long a strand takes to sink in water. This calculator helps you adjust your hair care routine for optimal moisture.
Estimate yearly haircut costs with tips and extras by entering price per visit and how often you go.
Convert quantities of fresh herbs to dried equivalents and vice versa.
Forecast how long hiccups will continue based on trigger intensity, hiccup rate, and the effectiveness of home remedies using an exponential cessation model.
Adjust recipe cooking times when you're at high elevation. Enter altitude and base cook time to see the recommended adjustment.
Choose a holiday date and see how many days remain until the festivities begin.
Determine how long your home battery bank can power essential loads during an outage. Enter capacity, efficiency, and average consumption.
Calculate the estimated time needed to exit your home in case of fire. Adjust travel distance, walking speed, and door delay.
Calculate how much fuel your standby generator uses based on load, runtime, and efficiency. Plan your emergency fuel storage with confidence.
Evaluate the annual cost difference between coloring your hair at home and visiting a salon, factoring in product prices, travel, and time.
Estimate your annual homeowners insurance premium by entering home value, coverage level, deductible, and risk factors. See how adjustments impact your rate.
Compare monthly expenses of washing clothes at home versus using a laundromat, factoring in detergent, utilities, travel and service fees.
Plan the cost of ergonomic desks, chairs, monitors, and accessories to build a comfortable workspace.
Evaluate your home office setup for comfort and productivity. Enter desk, chair, and monitor measurements to receive an ergonomic score with tips for improvement.
Assess the long-term cost of building and maintaining a home swimming pool versus paying for community pool memberships.
Estimate how much your personal sauna adds to the electric bill. Enter heater power, session length, usage per week and electric rate.
Estimate the total cost of a DIY home security setup versus a professionally installed and monitored system over a chosen timeframe.
Estimate the cost of making fizzy drinks at home compared to buying bottled soda from the store.
Scale your homebrew recipes up or down by entering the original batch size and ingredient amounts.
Compare the monthly cost of preparing baby food at home against purchasing jars or pouches at the store.
Estimate interior vehicle temperature and pet heatstroke risk based on ambient conditions and parked time.
Generate a personalized house cleaning schedule based on home size, occupants, pets, and preferred cleanliness level.
Create a fair rotating schedule for household chores across family members and weeks.
Determine the cooling capacity needed for a room or home by entering area, insulation quality, occupants, and sun exposure.
Adjust ingredient amounts when swapping in substitutes with different strengths.
Press any key to see its JavaScript key, code, and legacy keyCode values displayed instantly.
Determine the speed of a lacrosse shot by entering distance traveled and time in flight.
Estimate total communication costs by comparing a traditional landline service with a mobile phone plan over a specified period.
Calculate energy costs and payback when switching from incandescent bulbs to LEDs.
Estimate how long a tube of lip balm lasts and how much you spend annually based on daily applications.
Mix different lipstick shades by entering amounts of base colors. Learn how undertones and pigmentation affect the final result in this beauty-focused guide.
Estimate the number of boards needed for your decking project. Enter deck dimensions, board size, and wastage allowance to get accurate results.
Plan cleaning intervals for different makeup brushes and track the next wash date.
Track opening dates and shelf life for makeup products. Learn the importance of cosmetic expiration and tips for safe usage.
Discover your ideal foundation shade by selecting undertone and depth. Learn tips for color matching and building a flawless base.
Turn Markdown text into clean HTML directly in your browser. Paste or type Markdown and get formatted HTML instantly.
Estimate how many weeks of practice remain until your next martial arts belt. Enter your current belt level, hours already completed, and weekly training time.
Compare the weekly cost of preparing meals at home versus dining out by accounting for ingredients, time, and restaurant prices.
Estimate roasting time and target internal temperature for chicken, turkey, beef, or pork based on weight.
Find out how many candles to light on each night of Hanukkah with this easy calculator.
Calculate the optimal height for placing a mezuzah on a doorpost according to halachic guidelines.
Convert cooking times between microwaves with different wattages using this handy calculator.
Calculate how much you should be reimbursed for business travel using the mileage method. Enter miles driven, reimbursement rate, and any extra fees to get a clear total.
Determine the ideal distance from your eyes to your monitor using screen size and setup preferences.
Predict the amount of mushrooms your substrate will produce by entering spawn weight, substrate volume, and a yield ratio.
Estimate how much you will spend on polishes, brushes, and accessories when building a nail art collection.
Predict nail length over time based on average growth rate and view a weekly schedule for trimming or styling.
Estimate how many manicures you can get from a bottle of nail polish. Enter bottle size, coats per nail, and nails to cover to plan your next manicure session.
Estimate total drying time for your manicure based on number of coats, base coat, and top coat.
Estimate how long a bottle of nail polish remover lasts, cost per manicure, and yearly spending.
Estimate the severity of anxiety related to being without your smartphone using screen time, check frequency, and emotional response.
Quickly estimate the amount of paint needed for your room with our easy-to-use paint calculator. Save time, money, and effort on your painting projects.
Estimate how long paint will take to dry with our handy Paint Drying Time Calculator. Adjust for temperature, humidity, paint type, and coat thickness.
Estimate how many hours your fragrance will linger based on concentration, skin type, and environment. Perfect for perfume enthusiasts and hobbyists.
Estimate how long your favorite perfume will last and calculate yearly fragrance costs based on spray habits.
Use our Pet Age Calculator to find your dog or cat's age in human years. Learn about pet aging and care tips.
Estimate monthly and annual costs for arthritis medication, supplements, and vet visits.
Find out how much it will cost to board your pet while you're away. Enter nightly rates, extra services, and trip length to estimate total expenses.
Estimate ideal crate dimensions for your dog or cat based on weight and body length.
Calculate total costs for pet cremation including basic service, urns, transportation, and memorial options.
Project indoor pet dander concentration from shedding rate, ventilation, and cleaning.
Estimate weekly and yearly spending on pet daycare using daily rates and visit frequency.
Calculate when your pet should receive professional dental cleanings based on age and risk factors.
Estimate annual costs for flea and tick prevention treatments based on dose price, frequency, and number of pets.
Plan pet food budgets by converting portion recommendations and bag prices into daily and monthly costs for multiple animals.
Determine the correct serving size for your dog or cat based on weight, activity level, and food calories. Maintain a healthy diet by calculating how many cups or grams to feed each day.
Calculate yearly pet grooming costs based on visit frequency, coat type, and optional add-on services.
Generate a grooming timetable for dogs or cats using the last grooming date and desired frequency.
Create a year-long schedule for heartworm prevention medications based on start date and treatment type.
Estimate daily water intake for dogs or cats based on weight and activity level.
Estimate how much you need to spend on veterinary care before pet insurance pays for itself. Enter your premium, deductible, and coverage rate to see the break-even point.
Calculate the correct medication dosage for dogs or cats using weight, dosage rate, and pill strength.
Estimate the total cost of microchipping and registering your pet, including optional yearly membership fees.
Thinking of adopting a pet? Use our Pet Cost-of-Ownership Calculator to estimate food, vet, grooming, and other expenses over your pet's lifetime.
Calculate how much you'll pay a pet sitter based on daily rates, number of pets, and length of stay.
Estimate the total price of a spay or neuter procedure including pre-op tests and follow-up care.
Calculate a suggested recovery timeline for your pet after surgery using procedure type and age.
Estimate total sessions and treat usage for a multi-week pet training plan.
Estimate how much food, medication, and other essentials to pack when traveling with your pet.
Estimate yearly vaccination expenses for your dog or cat. Enter vaccine prices and frequency to see a total.
Plan upcoming pet vaccinations based on species, vaccine type, and last appointment.
Generate a recommended vaccination timeline for your dog or cat. Enter the birth date to see suggested vaccine due dates.
Estimate the environmental impact of different pet waste disposal methods. Compare landfill, composting, and flushing options.
Estimate how many weeks your pet needs to reach a target weight using a daily calorie deficit.
Convert conventional recipe times to pressure cooker times including release method adjustments.
Calculate the ideal projector distance from your screen by entering the throw ratio and screen size. Learn expert tips on positioning and room lighting.
Estimate how much a property could be worth in the future based on an annual appreciation rate.
Create a Quran reading schedule from total pages and completion time.
Determine optimal spacing and number of recessed lights based on room dimensions and ceiling height.
Scale your favorite recipes up or down. Enter original servings, target servings, and ingredients to see the adjusted amounts.
Quickly scale recipes up or down by adjusting ingredient quantities according to your desired serving size.
Estimate how long food remains safely chilled inside a refrigerator after a power outage using ambient temperature and insulation.
Estimate your risk of burnout when working from home. Enter weekly hours, daily meetings, breaks, and remote days.
Calculate how much money and time you save by working remotely. See your savings on commuting, meals, wardrobe, and more. Discover the true value of remote work!
Compare the multi-year cost of renovating your current home versus moving to a new one.
Compare net proceeds from selling your home now versus renting it out for a period and selling later.
Estimate water needed to reach target humidity in a reptile enclosure and plan misting duration.
Estimate RT60 using room dimensions and absorption coefficient. Learn how reverberation affects sound clarity in studios, auditoriums, and home theaters.
Determine ideal water amounts and cooking times for rice and grains based on type and quantity.
Determine roof pitch, slope angle, and rafter length from rise and run dimensions for construction planning.
Determine the humidifier output needed to raise indoor humidity based on room dimensions and desired relative humidity.
Organize your rosary devotion by setting how many decades to pray each day and generating a completion schedule.
Estimate how long your running shoes will last. Enter shoe lifespan in miles, weekly mileage, and cost to plan replacements and budget.
Estimate how many clients your salon can serve each day based on service time, cleanup, and staffing.
Randomly assign Secret Santa gift-giving pairs from a list of participants without anyone drawing their own name.
Generate strong passwords with customizable options. This secure password generator helps you craft unique credentials in your browser.
Estimate how often you should pump your septic tank based on tank size, household occupants, and usage habits.
Estimate how long a bottle of shampoo will last and calculate monthly and yearly costs based on wash frequency.
Estimate ideal shoelace length based on eyelets, spacing, width and lacing style.
Calculate how much you spend on moisturizer each month based on container size, price, and daily usage.
Estimate when your skincare products expire based on the date opened and shelf life. Learn tips on storage and hygiene to maintain healthy skin.
Plan and time your morning or evening skincare routine. Input each step with its duration to generate a custom schedule that keeps your skin care process organized.
Convert sleeping bag temperature ratings between Celsius and Fahrenheit and learn how to interpret comfort and limit ranges.
Convert traditional oven cook times to slow cooker low and high settings for hands-off meals.
Determine the ideal sous vide temperature and time based on meat type and thickness. Achieve restaurant-quality dishes at home.
Compute the area of multiple rooms and determine total square footage with ease. Convert between square feet and square meters using this interactive tool.
Estimate the internal volume of your subwoofer box by entering its external dimensions and wall thickness. Learn how volume affects sound quality for sealed and ported enclosures.
Estimate how much sunscreen you need for face, arms, and body using recommended amounts. Learn why proper application protects your skin.
Calculate how much you spend on sunscreen each season by entering bottle size, price, and daily usage.
Calculate the total volume of your swimming pool in gallons or liters based on shape and dimensions. Learn maintenance tips and filling guidance.
Calculate how much you'll spend on ointment, bandages, and soap during the tattoo healing process.
Calculate the optimal tea-to-water ratio and steeping time for any type of tea. Brew a flavorful cup every time with our Tea Brewing Strength Calculator.
Calculate how much tile grout you need for a project by entering tile size, joint width, and total area.
Plan naps before and after your temporal journey to minimize time travel jet lag. A whimsical tool for fiction fans and chrononaut dreamers.
Easily convert time and date between different time zones with this reliable Time Zone Converter. Perfect for travelers, remote workers, and global teams.
Estimate how many square feet you need in a tiny house based on occupants, storage requirements, and living areas.
Estimate your tithe by entering income and a giving percentage. Learn about the history and purpose of tithing in many religious traditions.
Estimate resistance of a vaping coil from wire gauge, number of wraps, diameter, and metal type.
Estimate steaming times for common vegetables using weight and method.
Calculate the ideal distance to sit from your TV or projector based on screen size and field of view.
Determine how many volunteers you need for an event based on tasks, shift length, and expected attendance. Create a smooth schedule.
Discover the value of your volunteer efforts. Estimate the economic impact of your donated time with this Volunteer Hours Impact Calculator.
Compare time, cost, carbon, and calories for walking versus driving a short errand.
Compute required wall studs, plates, and material cost from wall length, height, and spacing.
Determine how many wallpaper rolls you need by room size, roll dimensions, pattern repeat, and openings.
Estimate the total cost of replacing windows by entering quantity, size, frame type, and labor rates. Includes detailed formulas and planning tips.
Calculate the required potassium metabisulfite to reach a desired free SO2 level in wine.
Estimate the moisture content of wood using wet and dry mass to guide woodworking and construction.
Evaluate your productivity while working from home. Enter expected tasks, completed tasks, focus hours, and distractions to calculate a productivity score.
Evaluate how well you balance job demands with personal time. Input weekly work hours, personal hours, and stress level to generate a balance score.
Calculate how much yarn your project will need by entering pattern gauge, dimensions, and yardage per skein. Discover tips for choosing fiber types and managing leftovers.
Determine recommended yeast cell counts based on wort volume and gravity for healthy brewing.
Convert yeast quantities between fresh cake, active dry, and instant varieties for precise baking.
Calculate the amount of zakat you owe based on your savings, gold, and other assets. Follow Islamic guidelines to fulfill this important pillar of faith.
Design an acoustic levitation setup by computing node spacing, node count, and particle support force from frequency, sound speed and pressure.
Plan gear weight for multi-day expeditions. Input your equipment categories to see total pack weight and daily averages.
Compute natural frequency and required wind speed for musical fence or Aeolian harp strings based on length, tension, diameter, and material.
Calculate approximate CO2 emissions for flights using distance and cabin class.
Estimate how long it takes to board an aircraft using different boarding methods and passenger counts.
Determine approximate ground roll distance for an aircraft based on weight, wing area, lift coefficient and acceleration.
Estimate airline baggage fees for your next trip based on number of bags and weight.
Compare the cost of changing a non-refundable ticket with buying a refundable fare or travel insurance.
Estimate the comfort of an airplane seat based on pitch, passenger height, and recline. Plan flights with more legroom.
Assess whether your layover provides enough time to make a connecting flight.
Determine whether an annual airport lounge membership or paying per visit offers better value based on your travel habits.
Determine if buying an airport lounge membership saves money compared to paying per visit.
Compare airport parking fees with rideshare costs to choose the most economical option.
Estimate how long you'll spend waiting in the airport security line by entering passenger counts, lanes, and screening rate.
Compare the cost of an all-inclusive resort package with paying for meals, drinks, and activities separately.
Estimate your chances of seeing the aurora based on the KP index, latitude and cloud cover.
Estimate the cost of buying your leased vehicle by entering residual value, fees, taxes, and market price.
Estimate the probability that an autonomous vehicle's perception sensors become occluded by weather, grime, or traffic using a weighted logistic model.
Estimate cumulative navigation drift of an autonomous underwater vehicle from currents and sensor error.
Estimate avalanche risk based on slope angle, recent snowfall, temperature trend, and snowpack stability.
Estimate the ideal backpack weight for your next trip based on body weight, base gear, food, and water. Stay safe and comfortable on the trail.
Estimate how long it will take for checked luggage to arrive at the carousel using passenger and handling rate inputs.
Calculate the expected L10 life of ball or roller bearings from load rating, applied load, and speed.
Convert wind speed to Beaufort scale numbers and descriptions for weather awareness.
Compute the area honey bees can forage based on typical flight radius and hive counts.
Find the correct belt length for two-pulley systems using diameters and center distance. Ideal for mechanics and hobbyists designing belt drives.
Estimate your cycling speed based on gear ratio, wheel size, and cadence. Plan training sessions and choose gears effectively.
Compare the cost of biking to work with driving. Estimate fuel savings and health benefits by entering commute distance, car cost per mile, and biking days.
Estimate the magnetic field produced by a steady current using the Biot-Savart law. Enter current and distance to compute field strength.
Estimate how far migratory birds travel by entering starting and ending coordinates. Learn about migration patterns and conservation efforts.
Estimate the apparent angular diameter of a black hole's shadow from its mass and distance.
Calculate how much fuel your boat will use based on engine horsepower, cruise speed, and distance. Plan efficient trips and avoid running out of gas.
Estimate how far your broomstick can carry you based on efficiency, rider weight, and magical boost. Perfect for witches, wizards, and fantasy enthusiasts.
Calculate how long a bus journey will take by entering distance, speed, stop count, and dwell time.
Estimate a vehicle's 0-60 mph acceleration time based on horsepower, weight and traction assumptions.
Estimate your annual and long-term vehicle expenses with our Car Cost of Ownership Calculator. Analyze fuel, maintenance, insurance, and financing to see the real price of owning a car.
Calculate the real cost per mile of owning and operating a car by factoring fuel, maintenance, insurance and depreciation.
Calculate the depreciation of your car's value over time with our easy-to-use calculator. Enter the original price and years owned to get an estimate.
Estimate annual car insurance premiums by inputting vehicle value, driver profile, mileage and coverage level.
Estimate upcoming vehicle service milestones using mileage and driving habits.
Estimate and compare the monthly cost of car subscriptions, leases, and purchases to choose the most economical way to get on the road.
Estimate how many carbon offsets you need for flights or road trips and what it might cost.
Determine whether your carry-on luggage meets size and weight limits for common airlines.
Estimate how soothing a cat's purring session will be based on frequency, duration, distance, and your stress level. Explore the science behind purr-induced relaxation.
Calculate an approximate airflow rating for a ceiling fan based on diameter, rotation speed, and efficiency factor.
Determine the relative centrifugal force (RCF) generated by a laboratory centrifuge from its rotation speed and rotor radius. Helpful for biologists and lab technicians.
Compute centripetal acceleration and orbital period from speed and radius for objects in circular motion.
Determine how many attractions you need to visit for a city tourist pass to pay off compared to buying tickets individually.
Assess risk of saltwater intrusion into a coastal aquifer using pumping, recharge, thickness, distance, and sea level rise.
Compare the cost of mailing conference swag home versus paying airline baggage fees by entering weight, shipping rates, and luggage charges.
Compute the Coriolis force acting on moving objects due to Earth’s rotation. Explore how mass, speed, and latitude influence deflection in rotating frames.
Estimate the strain amplitude of a gravitational-wave burst from a cosmic string cusp given tension, loop size, frequency, and distance.
Calculate the crosswind component for your next flight using wind speed and runway headings.
Minify cascading style sheets by stripping comments and unnecessary whitespace.
Compare the total cost of exchanging currency via cash bureau, bank ATM, or credit card to find the most economical option.
Compute near and far focus distances plus total depth of field using aperture, focal length, subject distance, and sensor size.
Compute the straight-line distance between two points in 2D or 3D space using the distance formula.
Calculate how far the horizon is based on observer and target heights. Useful for sailors, hikers, and anyone curious about Earth curvature.
Estimate how much you can save by performing routine car maintenance yourself. Enter typical mechanic costs, parts expenses, and tool investments.
Compare the total cost of driving versus flying for your next trip with this simple Drive vs Fly Cost Calculator.
Estimate the efficiency of a drone delivery route based on distance, payload, and battery capacity.
Calculate how long your drone can stay airborne by entering battery capacity, voltage, and average power draw. Learn tips to maximize flight time.
Estimate how payload weight affects multicopter flight time using battery capacity and power draw.
Compare duty-free prices with domestic costs after taxes and customs allowances to evaluate real savings.
Estimate the motor power required for an e-bike to ascend a slope at a chosen speed.
Use this e-bike range calculator to estimate your travel distance based on battery size, motor power, and riding efficiency.
Estimate how far your electric scooter can travel on a single charge. Enter battery capacity, average speed, and motor power to plan routes.
Compare the long-term cost of an electric vehicle and a gasoline car. Estimate fuel and maintenance savings to see when an EV pays for itself.
Plan mileage runs by evaluating cost per elite qualifying mile and total cost to reach airline status.
Compute total engine displacement from bore, stroke, and cylinder count.
Estimate expected collisions between pocket universes in an eternally inflating multiverse using nucleation rate, expansion speed, and time horizon.
Divide the electricity bill fairly when multiple EV owners use the same home charger. Enter kWh for each driver and the rate per kWh to see what everyone owes.
Compare the price of charging an electric vehicle at home, a public station, or a DC fast charger using battery size and electricity rates.
Estimate how far your electric vehicle can travel under different speeds and temperatures. Adjust efficiency factors to see your projected range.
Estimate how ambient temperature affects the driving range of an electric vehicle.
Calculate exposure value (EV) from aperture and shutter speed for film cameras.
Estimate the minimum spectator distance for fireworks based on shell diameter.
Estimate EU 261 compensation for delayed flights based on distance, delay time, and carrier responsibility.
Estimate the likelihood of a flight delay and expected delay minutes using airline and airport reliability factors.
Determine how much layover time you should schedule between flights given minimum connection times and personal buffer preferences.
Estimate how many pallets fit in a freight container and calculate space utilization.
Track when your airline miles expire and calculate the value at risk if no activity occurs.
Find your car's fuel efficiency with this simple MPG and km/L calculator. Enter distance traveled and fuel used to see how far you go per unit of fuel.
Determine gear ratios and output speed from tooth counts. Learn how gear trains influence torque, motion, and mechanical advantage in a variety of applications.
Calculate the great circle distance between two coordinates using the haversine formula.
Find the precession rate of a spinning gyroscope or solve for mass, lever arm, spin speed, or moment of inertia.
Compute the Hamming distance between two equal-length strings or binary sequences.
Estimate micro-pressure wave amplitudes from trains entering tunnels and assess passenger ear discomfort risk
Use Naismith's rule to predict how long a hike will take based on distance and elevation gain.
Estimate how steep a hike will feel by comparing elevation gain to distance or time. Enter trail stats to gauge difficulty.
Reassign an infinite set of hotel guests when new arrivals appear, illustrating the counterintuitive arithmetic of infinity.
Determine the cash value of hotel loyalty points and decide whether to redeem them or pay cash.
Estimate the real total for your hotel stay by factoring in nightly rates, resort fees, and taxes.
Estimate the cost of booking extra hotel nights to achieve elite status and compare it with the value of benefits you expect to receive.
Compress HTML markup by stripping comments and collapsing whitespace entirely in the browser.
Estimate contamination risk from hydraulic fracturing using well depth, pressure, barrier thickness, distance to aquifer, and chemical concentration.
Estimate full-tank and per-mile costs for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles based on price per kilogram, tank capacity, efficiency, and driving distance.
Compute the distance between two points inside the unit disk using the hyperbolic metric.
Estimate how long it takes to evacuate a hyperloop tube to operating vacuum based on volume, pump speed, and pressure targets.
Convert images into blocky ASCII art by sampling pixel brightness and mapping to characters.
Estimate the cost of using in-flight Wi-Fi based on data needs and package pricing.
Calculate how long it takes to ship a package across the stars using distance, warp factor, and customs delays. Ideal for sci-fi couriers and space traders.
Compute the illuminance from a point light source given its luminous flux or intensity and your distance from it. Useful for photographers, engineers, and hobbyists exploring the inverse square law.
Determine how many days it may take for your body clock to adjust after crossing multiple time zones. Use our jet lag recovery calculator to plan your trip.
Estimate the ideal laser cutter speed for various materials based on thickness and power.
Estimate how long it will take to mow your lawn by entering yard size, mower width, walking speed, and overlap. Discover tips to cut grass faster and more evenly.
Compute the edit distance between two strings using the classic Levenshtein algorithm.
Estimate flight time required for a lidar-equipped drone to map an area considering swath width, overlap, and speed.
Calculate how far away a lightning strike occurred by timing the delay between the flash and thunder.
Calculate the Lorentz factor to understand time dilation and length contraction at high velocities. Explore special relativity with the gamma formula.
Calculate potential compensation when an airline loses your bags. Enter item value, trip type, and delay length to see reimbursement estimates.
Compare the cost of shipping luggage ahead against paying airline baggage fees to decide the most economical way to move your belongings.
Determine an object's Mach number from its speed and ambient temperature. Explore supersonic flight and compressible flows.
Compute Mahalanobis distance between a point and a distribution using a 2x2 covariance matrix.
Estimate linear and area distortion of the Mercator projection at various latitudes.
Compute Minkowski, Manhattan, and Euclidean distances for points in any dimension using a chosen p-norm.
Approximate the definite integral of a function using Monte Carlo sampling.
Estimate summit and return times for mountain climbs based on pace, elevation gain, and rest.
Compute Möbius transformations of complex numbers.
Compare the total cost of owning a new car versus a used car over your ownership period.
Estimate ocean current speed from drifter distance and time or by entering flow measurements. Useful for sailors and marine scientists.
Estimate how many days a sailing voyage will take based on distance, boat speed, and daily sailing hours.
See how much you can save by traveling during the off-season by comparing lodging, airfare, and other expenses.
Compare the long-term cost of renting outdoor gear with buying it outright. Account for usage frequency and resale value.
Decide whether paying for an extra checked bag or doing laundry on your trip is cheaper by weighing bag fees against laundry expenses.
Estimate the cost of shipping a package based on weight, dimensions, distance, and speed using this Package Shipping Cost Calculator.
Predict how far your paper airplane will glide using throw speed, launch angle, and glide ratio.
Compute the moment of inertia about any axis using the parallel axis theorem I = I_cm + m d^2, solving for inertia, mass, or offset distance.
Determine the distance between two parallel lines in standard form and identify intersections when lines are not parallel.
Estimate downwind travel of spray droplets and assess risk of off-target pesticide drift
Project the total cost of flying with a pet by combining airline fees, crate purchases, veterinary documents, and extras.
Plan health certificates, vaccinations, and paperwork when traveling internationally with your pet.
Predict how many years your doctoral program might take based on coursework, research pace, and dissertation progress.
Estimate how long it will take to transcribe an audio episode. Enter the audio length, playback speed, and editing overhead.
Determine the perpendicular distance from a point to a line in standard form.
Find the perpendicular distance from a point in space to a plane defined by Ax+By+Cz+D=0.
Estimate the minimal evolution time for a quantum state to become orthogonal using the Mandelstam–Tamm and Margolus–Levitin bounds.
Calculate how long it will take to read a text by entering word count or pasting content. Adjust reading speed to match your pace.
Determine how the length of an object changes when it moves at relativistic speeds using the Lorentz factor.
Estimate dilated time and Lorentz factor for objects moving at relativistic speeds using Einstein's special relativity.
Estimate rideshare trip prices by combining base fare, distance, time, surge, and booking fees.
Compare the cost of using rideshare services with renting a car for your trip. Enter daily rental price, mileage, and ride prices to see which option saves more.
Calculate carbon emissions for a driving trip and learn how much it costs to offset them. Useful for eco-conscious travelers.
See if your playlist is long enough for a road trip by comparing travel time and total song duration.
Plan how many rest stops to take during a long drive based on distance, speed, and maximum driving hours.
Estimate how much you'll spend on snacks during a road trip using distance, snack rate, and price.
Determine required superelevation for a highway curve from design speed, radius, side friction, and maximum allowed cross slope.
Compute the propellant mass required for a retropropulsive rocket landing given vehicle mass, required delta-v, and engine performance, and assess the risk of reserve shortfall.
Calculate your running pace quickly. Enter distance and total time to see your pace per mile or kilometer.
Calculate sailboat heel angle using sail area, wind speed, center of effort height, and vessel displacement.
Estimate the theoretical hull speed of a displacement sailboat using its length at the waterline. Enter the waterline length and see the maximum efficient speed in knots.
Forecast how long a sandcastle will withstand incoming tides by modeling tide speed, castle height, and erosion rate.
Estimate how many days you can spend in the Schengen Area under the 90/180 rule. Enter previous travel days and your upcoming trip dates to check compliance.
Estimate daily allergy discomfort by combining local pollen count, wind speed, and personal sensitivity.
Assess the expected value of bidding for an airline seat upgrade by combining bid cost, acceptance probability, and upgrade worth.
Estimate additional fuel consumption due to biofouling based on hull roughness, speed and wetted area.
Estimate potential slip and fall settlement values by combining medical bills, lost wages, miscellaneous costs, pain multipliers and fault adjustments.
Estimate ground-level overpressure and affected area from supersonic flight parameters.
Determine number of steps, riser height, tread run, slope angle and stringer length for a straight flight of stairs.
Estimate night sky quality for astronomy by combining local darkness, distance from cities, and atmospheric clarity.
Estimate the distance to nearby stars from their observed parallax angles. Learn the geometry behind parallax and how astronomers use it to map the cosmos.
Predict how many times a thrown stone will skip across water using speed, angle, size, and restitution.
Calculate the distance a vehicle needs to come to a complete stop. Enter speed, reaction time, and road friction to see how far you'll travel before halting.
Estimate logical error rates and qubit overhead for a planar surface code from physical error probabilities and code distance.
Compute the current sheet thickness, inflow speed, and reconnection rate for the classical Sweet–Parker model.
Determine the optimal teleprompter scroll speed by entering script word count and desired speaking time.
Calculate image distance and magnification using the thin lens formula and object height.
Convert observed wind speed into the corresponding Enhanced Fujita (EF) tornado rating.
Estimate how traffic noise diminishes with distance using the inverse square law and ground absorption.
Calculate the maximum trailer weight your vehicle can safely tow using GCWR, curb weight, and payload inputs.
Estimate travel time and fare for train rides based on distance, speed, and stop count.
Plan vaccinations before traveling. Enter your departure date to see when to schedule important shots.
Estimate how much travel insurance may cost based on your trip price, traveler age, trip length, and coverage level.
Compare the price of a travel insurance policy with the expected risk of trip cancellation to decide if coverage is worthwhile.
Estimate the total weight of your luggage by summing individual item weights and compare it against airline allowances.
Plan when to start your vaccine series before an international trip. Enter departure date and dosing intervals to create a personalized schedule.
Estimate whether trip cancellation insurance is worth the cost by comparing coverage payouts to policy price and cancellation risk.
Approximate a triple integral over a rectangular box using midpoint sums.
Compute maximum payload and remaining cargo capacity from GVWR and curb weight.
Estimate how far inland you should travel to escape a tsunami based on wave height, elevation, and local slope.
Measure your typing speed and accuracy with this client-side words per minute test.
Estimate the mission range of an autonomous underwater glider from battery capacity, drag coefficient, hotel load, and speed, and assess the chance of failing to reach a target distance.
Convert between latitude/longitude and UTM coordinates using WGS84. Learn how the Universal Transverse Mercator system works with formulas and zone tables.
Analyze how flat cleaning fees influence per-night cost on short and extended vacation rental stays.
Estimate annual vehicle registration fees using base charges, weight fees, value-based taxes, and local assessments.
Determine the required length and K value of a highway vertical curve from approach grades and desired sight distance using standard geometric design equations.
Compute or verify the check digit for any 17-character VIN using the ISO 3779 algorithm.
Determine the best time to submit a visa application by entering processing time and desired departure. Plan ahead with this timeline calculator.
Estimate how long a voice acting project will take based on word count, reading speed, and anticipated retakes.
Calculate the bandwidth needed for your VoIP phone system based on codec bitrate and concurrent calls. Prevent choppy audio by planning the right connection.
Calculate the approximate water evaporation rate from open surfaces using temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
Plan how long it will take to reach safety during a wildfire. Enter distance, driving speed, preparation time, and risk factor.
Estimate local wildfire risk by combining temperature, humidity, wind speed, and recent rainfall into a single index.
Estimate the cost and logistics for your wildlife spotting trip. Input travel distance, lodging, food, and guide fees to plan effectively.
Determine approximate wind forces on a flat surface. Enter area, wind speed, and a drag coefficient to calculate wind pressure and total force.
Estimate wind speed and power gain at different tower heights using the power law wind profile.
Estimate the number and spacing of windbreak rows needed to protect a field based on windbreak height and desired sheltered distance.
Compute your class attendance percentage and find how many sessions you can miss or must attend to meet a target.
Plan how many pages to read each week so your book club finishes together on time.
Identify the century and millennium for any BCE or CE year with a simple calculation.
Calculate weekly study hours needed to prepare for a professional certification exam by your target date.
Create book citations in Chicago style with author, title, city, publisher, and year.
Factor a positive-definite matrix into L and L^T using the Cholesky method.
Estimate your potential payout from a class action settlement after attorney fees using this simple calculator.
Track classroom library book loans with automatic due dates.
Generate randomized or alphabetical seating arrangements for classroom management.
Estimate total classroom supply costs per student and for the entire class.
Compute the coefficient of variation for a list of numbers to understand their relative dispersion.
Calculate Cohen's d effect size from two independent sample means and standard deviations.
A tool to visualize colors as seen by individuals with common color vision deficiencies. Includes educational material on color blindness and accessibility considerations.
Estimate how many random draws it takes to collect all coupon types in the classic probability puzzle.
Determine the cousin relationship between two relatives based on their generational distance from a common ancestor.
Break down course material into a manageable schedule. Enter modules, weeks, and available study hours to plan your curriculum pace.
Compute the digital root of any number by repeatedly summing its digits until one digit remains.
Approximate solutions to first-order differential equations using Euler's method.
Compute Fibonacci numbers and view sequences to study the famous recurrence.
Estimate total and per-student costs for school field trips.
Quickly calculate the score you need on your final exam to achieve your desired overall grade. Enter your current grade, final exam weight, and desired grade.
Calculate flag height and area from width and aspect ratio or compute the ratio from given dimensions.
Estimate how your memory of flashcards fades over time and plan optimal review intervals.
Compute a truncated Fourier series for a function on [-π, π] to study periodic behavior.
Estimate the chance a gambler reaches a target fortune before going broke using the gambler's ruin model.
Compute Gershgorin discs for a square matrix to estimate eigenvalue locations.
Curve exam scores using the classical z-score method to reach a desired average and spread.
Estimate a college graduation date using credits required, credits completed, and average term load.
Generate the Gram matrix for up to four vectors and explore inner products in linear algebra.
Perform the Gram-Schmidt process on a set of 2D or 3D vectors to obtain an orthonormal basis.
Estimate your current and future h-index using citation counts and projected citation growth.
Analyze the syllable count of each line in your haiku to ensure it follows the traditional 5-7-5 structure.
Construct a cubic Hermite interpolant through two points with specified derivatives.
Compute the discrete Hilbert transform of a sequence to build an analytic signal and study amplitude and phase.
Find the calendar date for any numbered anniversary of a past event.
Translate historical country names into their modern equivalents for clear classroom communication.
Compute the length of historical eras in years, accounting for BCE and CE transitions.
Compare two historical events to determine if and how long they overlapped in time.
Convert a span of years and a desired physical length into a classroom timeline scale and tick marks.
Estimate the total time needed for homework and breaks so you can organize evenings efficiently.
Compute the check digit for ISBN-10 or ISBN-13 numbers.
Approximate solutions of 2x2 or 3x3 linear systems using the Jacobi iterative algorithm.
Evaluate the Jacobi symbol (a/n) for odd n using an efficient recursive algorithm.
Convert dates between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Useful for historians and anyone working with historical documents.
Cluster two-dimensional points using the k-means algorithm. Specify data and number of clusters to obtain centroids and assignments.
Create a customized safety checklist for classroom science experiments.
Estimate your current proficiency and how long it may take to reach the next level based on study hours and language difficulty.
Compute the Laplace transform of basic functions to study differential equations and control systems.
Estimate shelving requirements from book counts, average thickness, and shelf dimensions.
Estimate the largest Lyapunov exponent of the logistic map to study chaotic behavior.
Estimate how long your machine learning model will take to train based on dataset size, epochs, and time per sample.
Convert a measured distance on a map to the actual ground distance using a map scale ratio. Ideal for geography students and hikers.
Compute the stationary distribution of a small Markov chain using iterative multiplication.
Compute the matrix exponential of a 2x2 matrix using a power series.
Estimate how many items you can store in a memory palace using rooms and mental imagery. Explore tips for improving recall and organizing loci effectively.
Generate book citations in MLA format for student bibliographies.
Compute the multiplicative inverse of an integer modulo m using the extended Euclidean algorithm.
Factor a non-negative matrix into two smaller non-negative matrices using multiplicative updates and view the reconstruction error.
Compute surface area and volume of an oblate spheroid using equatorial and polar radii.
Compute the odds ratio between two groups using a 2x2 contingency table and evaluate association strength.
Estimate your likelihood of finishing an online course based on study hours and dropout probability. Plan your schedule for success.
Calculate percent increase or decrease between two values. Ideal for tracking price changes, discounts, and other comparisons.
Find the percentile rank of a value within a set of numbers to gauge its relative standing.
Calculate the probability of observing a given number of events using the Poisson distribution. Useful for physics, biology, and reliability engineering.
Rate a historical document on multiple criteria to compute an overall reliability score.
Compare the long-term costs of sending a child to public or private school. Include tuition, taxes, transportation, and opportunity cost to determine the most affordable education path.
Estimate the radius of convergence of a power series from its coefficients.
Analyze your writing with our Readability Score Calculator. Paste any text to instantly see Flesch-Kincaid scores and learn how to improve clarity for your audience.
Translate a total SAT score to an equivalent ACT composite or vice versa using concordance tables.
Track your daily scripture reading progress and estimate how long it will take to finish your chosen text.
Approximate a root of a function using the secant iteration method.
Estimate your expected improvement during an immersion program by entering study hours, weeks abroad, and starting ability.
Estimate how many hours it will take to research and write a sermon based on length and study habits.
Calculate the length of a shadow cast by an object based on its height and the sun's elevation angle.
Solve 2-variable linear programs using the simplex method.
Compute Simpson's diversity index from species counts to assess ecological diversity.
Determine required concrete slab thickness for interior wheel loads using Westergaard's equations and subgrade modulus.
Calculate the density of any small social network to see how connected members are. Useful for sociology students analyzing group cohesion.
Compute solid angle in steradians from area and radius or cone angle. Learn how solid angles describe fields of view, radiation patterns, and celestial objects.
Create an efficient study plan using spaced repetition. Enter days until your exam and topics to get a suggested review schedule.
Create randomized spelling quizzes from custom word lists.
Compute volume, surface area, and base radius of a spherical cap from sphere radius and cap height.
Convert between Cartesian and spherical coordinates for points in three dimensions.
Check whether a categorical syllogism is valid based on proposition types and figure.
Analyze any passage with a Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level calculator to gauge how difficult it is to read.
Compute the volume of a triangular prism by entering base dimensions and length. Useful for aquariums, roof trusses, and packaging.
Perform a two-sample t-test to determine if two independent groups have significantly different means.
Easily convert units of length, weight, volume, and temperature with this versatile unit converter tool. Ideal for everyday tasks and quick engineering references.
Estimate student engagement in online classes using camera time, contributions, and poll participation.
Estimate vocabulary retention based on time since study and daily retention rate.
Find your overall class grade by entering scores and their percentage weights. Useful for students tracking progress throughout a semester.
Paste text to see how often each word appears and explore vocabulary distributions.
Calculate how long it will take to finish a writing project based on target word count, session output, and days per week.
Compute the z-score of a value and estimate its percentile relative to a normal distribution.
Estimate the minimum income you need to sponsor a family member with our Affidavit of Support Calculator. Quickly determine if you meet the financial criteria for immigration.
Estimate your spousal support payments quickly using our Alimony Calculator. Simply enter incomes and marriage length to get your results instantly.
Determine how much of a legal settlement you keep after paying attorney contingency fees and case costs. Enter the settlement amount, fee percentage, and expenses to see a clear breakdown.
Check your eligibility for Australian immigration using our SkillSelect Points Calculator. Quickly estimate your points based on age, education, experience, language skills, and more.
Estimate the premium and collateral required when posting bail through a bondsman. Enter bail amount and fee percentage.
Calculate the concentration of a solution from absorbance measurements using the Beer-Lambert law.
Use Darcy's law to predict flow through a biosand water filter from diameter, sand depth, head, and grain size.
Calculate spectral radiance using Planck's law for a blackbody at a given temperature and wavelength.
Estimate total funds raised and net cash for an election campaign by entering donor growth, average contributions, and monthly expenses.
Check your eligibility for Canadian immigration using our Express Entry CRS Points Calculator. Quickly estimate your points based on age, education, experience, and language skills.
Estimate potential car accident settlement amounts by combining medical bills, property damage, lost wages, pain multipliers and fault reductions.
Estimate monthly child support payments using parent incomes, number of children, and custody share with this free calculator.
Compute penalty costs when a project or contract runs past its deadline. Enter days late and the daily penalty to find total damages.
Estimate the total cost of registering creative works with the copyright office by adding base fees, work quantity, and optional expedited services.
Determine the expiration year of a copyright based on creation date, publication, and author type. Learn about duration rules for different works.
Determine important court filing deadlines by adding calendar or business days to a start date. Keep your case on schedule.
Calculate court filing fees by adding base charges, per-page costs, and service surcharges. Understand how much it costs to file legal documents.
Estimate crime rate per 100,000 people and compare year-over-year change.
Break down attorney fees, court charges, mediation costs, and ongoing support to project the total cost of divorce.
Calculate approximate drunk driving fines using BAC level, offense history, and court fees.
Estimate potential employment discrimination settlement amounts using back pay, front pay, emotional distress multipliers, punitive factors and claim strength.
Calculate the total cost of pursuing an eviction, including filing fees, service costs, attorney fees, and lost rent.
Calculate the deadline for an eviction notice by entering the service date and notice period. Understand how compliance dates affect landlord-tenant disputes.
Determine the electromotive force generated in a coil when magnetic flux varies using Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
Compute the diffusive flux of particles across a concentration gradient using Fick's first law.
Compute foreign exchange trade profit or loss from entry and exit price, lot size, and contract specifications.
Compute the rate of heat transfer through a solid using Fourier's law. Analyze how thermal conductivity, area, thickness, and temperature difference influence conduction.
Calculate electric flux through a surface and the enclosed charge using Gauss's law.
Compute final pressure or temperature of a gas at constant volume using Gay-Lussac's law P/T = constant.
Estimate the dissolved concentration of a gas in liquid using Henry's law and a user supplied constant.
Determine your eligibility for Hong Kong's Quality Migrant Admission Scheme with our QMAS Points Calculator. Calculate points for age, education, experience, language skills, and more.
Check your eligibility for Japan's Highly Skilled Professional visa using our comprehensive points calculator. Estimate points for education, experience, income, age, and more.
Calculate interest on a money judgment from the judgment date to the payment date. Enter principal, annual rate, and dates.
Determine waiting periods between consuming meat and dairy foods according to different Jewish customs.
Estimate the costs associated with ending a rental lease early including penalties and extra fees.
Estimate court filing fees, publication costs, and certified copy charges for a legal name change.
Determine the transmitted light intensity after one or more polarizers using Malus's law. Explore polarization, optical filtering, and applications with extensive explanation.
Estimate potential medical malpractice settlement amounts by entering economic damages, pain and suffering multipliers, and punitive damages assumptions.
Estimate your points for New Zealand's Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa using our updated 2024 points calculator. Check your qualification, income, or registration points and add work experience to see if you meet the minimum threshold.
Calculate total notary fees based on number of signatures, travel charges, and extra certificates.
Calculate the orbital period of a satellite or planet using its orbital radius and the mass of the central body.
Compute PDF, CDF, mean and variance of the Pareto distribution given scale and shape parameters.
Estimate parking ticket fines with late fees based on days overdue, per-day penalty rates, and optional processing charges.
Determine the best time to renew your passport before travel based on processing speed and validity requirements.
Calculate potential patent term extension based on filing, approval, and delay periods. Useful for inventors and legal professionals.
Compute material resistivity from measured resistance, length, and cross-sectional area, or solve for any variable in the relation R = ρ L / A.
Compute the interest on a rental security deposit over time. Enter the principal, annual interest rate, and dates to estimate how much should be returned.
Project potential payouts in small claims court. Enter your damages, filing fees, and other costs to see a possible settlement amount.
Determine the refracted angle when light passes between materials with different indices of refraction using Snell's Law.
Estimate speeding ticket penalties based on your speed over the limit, base fine, and court fees.
Estimate the filing deadline for common civil claims based on the incident date and limitation period. Learn how statutes of limitations affect legal strategy.
Determine the proper tire gauge pressure after climbing or descending in altitude using the ideal gas law and the standard atmosphere model.
Determine magnetic field strength, number of turns, current, or radius for a toroidal coil using B = μ0 N I / (2π r).
Calculate the total cost to file a trademark application based on the number of classes and filing type. Plan your budget before submitting to the trademark office.
Estimate potential trademark infringement damages by comparing actual losses, infringer profits, reasonable royalties and dilution adjustments.
Solve any triangle by entering the lengths of its three sides. Computes area, perimeter, angles, type, inradius, and circumradius using Heron's formula and the law of cosines.
Estimate your eligibility for the UK's Skilled Worker visa with this simple points calculator. Find out if you meet the necessary points under the UK's points-based immigration system.
Determine if you're on track to become a US citizen with our comprehensive Citizenship Eligibility Calculator. Answer simple questions about residency, age, language ability, and more to see your readiness score.
Evaluate basic criteria to see if you may qualify for a travel visa using this simple calculator.
Find out the consequences of overstaying a visa with our Visa Overstay Penalty Calculator. Estimate potential re-entry bars and learn about waiver options.
Estimate potential rewards from False Claims Act, SEC, IRS, and CFTC whistleblower programs with our easy Whistleblower Reward Calculator.
Estimate the potential value of a workers' compensation claim based on wage loss, disability ratings, and medical costs with our interactive calculator.
Calculate a simple diversity score for your organization using employee counts across demographic groups.
Calculate potential wrongful death settlement amounts by considering lost income, expenses, multipliers and fault adjustments.
Check whether two phrases are anagrams of each other and generate permutations of short words using this standalone anagram solver.
Estimate how long applause will last given crowd size, enthusiasm decay, clap rate, and a stopping threshold using an exponential model.
Estimate how far your arrow will drop over a known distance based on initial velocity. Ideal for bow hunters and target archers fine tuning their sight marks.
Estimate weekly and total expenses for renting rehearsal space based on hours and rates.
Create a setlist and calculate total performance time by entering song lengths. Perfect for concerts or practice.
Compute baseball batting average and slugging percentage. Enter at-bats, hits, doubles, triples, and home runs to see your offensive efficiency.
Calculate a pitcher's Earned Run Average by entering earned runs and innings pitched. Learn the history and significance of ERA in baseball analytics.
Calculate baseball fielding percentage using assists, putouts, and errors. Learn the history and significance of defensive metrics.
Calculate on-base percentage and OPS with hits, walks, and extra-base hits. Learn why getting on base matters for team success.
Schedule weekly goals for free throw shooting and track improvement toward a target percentage.
Compute a simplified Player Efficiency Rating for basketball using points, rebounds, assists, steals, blocks, and shooting stats. Learn how PER helps compare overall impact.
Find the beat frequency created by two tones. Enter their pitches to see how interference patterns produce rhythmic pulses.
Calculate Bessel functions of the first kind for integer orders using a series expansion.
Calculate what percentage of known bird species you have observed and how many remain to spot.
Approximate a root of a continuous function on a given interval using the bisection method.
Create a balanced schedule for hosting board game nights. Enter the number of players and upcoming sessions to generate a rotation.
Track points round by round for any board game. Enter player names and scores to see totals and leaders.
Estimate how much shelf space your board game collection requires. Plan storage or decide when it's time for another bookshelf.
Compute a ten-pin bowling game score by entering each roll. Uses official strike and spare rules and shows how bonuses are applied.
Determine the optimal mix of ink and water for smooth calligraphy strokes.
Find the ideal capo placement by selecting your current key and target key. Learn how capo use simplifies chord shapes and changes song feel.
Determine precise amounts of silica, alumina, and flux for custom pottery glaze recipes.
Create a rehearsal timeline for your choir with customizable start dates and weekly sessions.
Generate random chord progressions for any key and scale type. Perfect for musicians seeking new ideas.
Transpose chord progressions up or down by any number of semitones. Quickly rewrite songs for any key.
Estimate total on-set time required for a shot list using average shot duration, setup time, and a contingency buffer.
Plan an efficient circus tent layout by balancing acts, audience size, and tent dimensions. A whimsical tool for event planners and performers.
Estimate when to retire ropes, harnesses, and other climbing gear by tracking sessions, conditions, and start dates. Stay safe by planning replacements.
Convert color temperature in kelvin to mired and approximate RGB values.
Plan your next cosplay outfit with a helpful schedule and budget estimator.
Estimate the total cost of creating and styling a cosplay wig including hair fibers, accessories, and shipping.
Calculate a bowler's economy rate by entering overs bowled and runs conceded. Learn how economy rate shapes cricket strategy with historical context and coaching tips.
Calculate your cycling power-to-weight ratio (PWR) to understand how efficiently you translate power into speed. Enter your average power output and body weight to see your watts per kilogram.
Estimate total practice time for a dance routine including repetitions, breaks, and warm-ups.
Estimate dragon egg incubation times by balancing egg size, ambient temperature, and magical aura. A playful tool for fantasy breeders and storytellers.
Predict how often to replace drumheads based on weekly playing hours, intensity, and head type.
Estimate how long a tune will loop in your head based on catchiness, repetitions, mental load, and distracting music.
Compute estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the CKD-EPI formula with inputs for age, creatinine, sex, and race.
Explore a simple emoji atlas to search, select, and copy emojis for messages or projects.
Estimate the overall value of an esports roster by summing player ratings, salaries, and team synergy.
Determine the number of positive integers less than n that are relatively prime to n.
Plan how much fairy dust you need for upcoming events using daily usage, duration, and a safety margin. Perfect for performers, storytellers, and whimsical planners.
Calculate wrap dates by entering shooting days and break frequency. Learn how production schedules evolve and how to manage crew time.
Calculate the probability of winning and expected value for various games. Select a game type or enter custom numbers to understand your chances.
Estimate your golf handicap index using your average score, course rating, and slope rating. Learn how handicaps let players of all skill levels compete fairly.
Calculate how often to clean your guitar's fretboard based on play hours, humidity, and sweat acidity.
Estimate guitar string tension by entering scale length, string gauge, and tuning pitch. Understand how tension influences playability, tone, and instrument setup.
Approximate the zero-order Hankel transform of a radial function using numerical integration.
Determine the interval between two musical notes and see how many semitones apart they are. Understand major, minor, and perfect intervals for better musicianship.
Combine ghostly activity, building age, and darkness to generate a fright factor for haunted attractions or game scenarios.
Compute a goaltender's save percentage from shots faced and goals allowed.
Compute the hyperfocal distance for any camera setup using focal length, aperture, and circle of confusion.
Determine physical print dimensions from digital pixel measurements and DPI.
Divide daily practice minutes into warm-up, technique, and repertoire blocks. Create an organized plan for consistent improvement.
Estimate how many weeks your guitar or violin strings will last based on practice hours and playing intensity.
Compute generalized Laguerre polynomials for given order and variable, with context on orthogonality and series forms.
Compute the Lambert W function numerically using Newton iterations.
Expand rational functions into a Laurent series around a point.
Find the right resistor value for your LED circuits. Enter supply voltage, LED forward voltage, and desired current to calculate resistance and power.
Compute the Legendre transform of a convex function at a given slope.
Convert the velocity of a magic carpet between ordinary kilometers per hour, dragon power, and cloud knots. Ideal for storytellers and game masters.
Estimate the perfect depth for a whimsical mermaid habitat based on water clarity, sunlight, and mermaid height. A fun but surprisingly practical underwater planning tool.
Plan weekly tempo increases to achieve your target BPM by a chosen date.
Find your moon sign using birth date and time. Learn how lunar placement influences emotions and intuition.
Estimate total viewing time for your movie marathons including breaks.
Compare the cost of watching movies through a streaming subscription against buying individual DVDs or Blu-rays.
Plan a multi-day music festival by allocating artists to time slots using set length and changeover time.
Calculate potential income from streaming platforms based on number of plays and payout rate.
Determine whether a music streaming subscription or purchasing songs and albums individually is cheaper based on your listening habits.
Calculate the days remaining until key festivals from various mythologies, using your chosen start date.
Use the Möbius function to invert summatory functions of arithmetic sequences.
Determine the surface area to volume ratio of spherical or cubic nanoparticles for material science experiments.
Find a root of a function using the Newton-Raphson iteration method.
Find the frequency of any musical note by selecting the note name and octave. Learn how equal temperament links pitch and math.
Find the correct square paper size for an origami model when you change the desired finished dimensions.
Estimate the inflated volume, surface area, and fill mass of a classic origami water balloon based on paper size and thickness.
Generate Padé approximants for a given function using series coefficients.
Estimate predicted peak expiratory flow and compare it with your measured value. Learn how height, age, and sex influence PEF and see which asthma management zone you fall into.
Design Pepper's Ghost illusions by computing glass size, object placement, and apparent depth.
General percentage calculator that finds percentages, percentage shares, and percent changes.
Estimate how soon your piano should be tuned based on playing hours and humidity stability.
Estimate nautical distances between two points on a treasure map. A whimsical yet handy tool for planning pirate adventures.
Planning a pizza party? Instantly calculate how many pizzas you'll need based on your guests and their appetite level. Avoid running out or having leftovers!
Estimate total podcast expenses from equipment, editing, hosting and marketing to see how much your series will cost.
Calculate Wilks or IPF points from body weight and total lifted weight to compare powerlifting performance across classes.
Compute the Radon transform of a 2D function at a chosen angle and offset.
Plan your recording project expenses by entering studio time, mixing, and musician fees.
Estimate how many classic games you can buy over time with your set budget. Enter your monthly spending limit, average game price, and number of months.
Compute numerical approximations of the Riemann zeta function for s>1.
Convert climbing grades among YDS, French, and UIAA scales to understand route difficulty worldwide.
Generate a round robin schedule by entering participant count and matches per day.
Compute your 500m split time from total distance and duration for indoor rowing workouts.
Schedule reed usage and replacement based on practice hours to keep your saxophone sounding its best.
Calculate Scrabble word scores with support for letter and word multipliers. Learn tile values, strategy, and probability with an extensive guide.
Estimate the impact of cold starts on serverless functions. Enter invocation interval, idle timeout, and start times to gauge average latency.
Estimate the total cost of printing sheet music by entering page counts, copies, and per-page expenses.
Determine your vocal prowess with our Shower Karaoke Score Calculator. See how your bathroom acoustics influence your singing score and have fun in the process.
Use Simpson's rule to estimate the integral of a function on an interval.
Measure your soccer shooting efficiency with our Goal Conversion Rate Calculator. Enter shots, shots on target, and goals scored to see your accuracy.
Estimate how your social media following will expand over time by entering a starting count, monthly growth rate, and number of months. Includes explanatory table and growth formulas.
Determine the duration of a song based on tempo and measure count. Enter beats per minute and bars to see how long your composition will run.
Calculate how songwriting royalties are divided among lyricists, composers, producers, and publishers.
Add up the weight of your covert gadgets to plan stealthy missions. This playful calculator helps wannabe secret agents balance mobility with equipment.
Determine the ideal mix of steam and lift gas for your fantastical airship. This calculator helps tinkerers optimize flight time and altitude in a whimsical world.
Generate a monthly vesting schedule for employee stock options. Enter total options, start date, cliff months, and vesting period.
Enter a birth date to instantly reveal the corresponding western zodiac sun sign with detailed traits and background.
Estimate wind drag and lift for a superhero cape based on length and fabric weight. A whimsical tool for costume designers and comic fans.
Estimate surfboard volume in liters from length, width, and thickness to match your skill level and wave conditions.
Determine your pace per lap and per 100 meters based on total swim time and distance.
Sort characters by initiative rolls to determine combat order in tabletop role-playing games.
Tap along with your music to instantly calculate beats per minute. Learn how BPM affects timing, performance, and production.
Find perfect delay times for your music by converting tempo in BPM to milliseconds for common note values.
Estimate tennis serve speed using distance and travel time. This sports tool helps players track progress and compare performance.
Estimate weekly tension drop in your tennis racket strings and find out when to restring.
Estimate how long you spend switching between swimming, cycling, and running. Plan faster transitions with this triathlon tool.
Estimate monthly Twitch earnings from subscribers, bits, and ads by entering tier counts and revenue share.
Choose suitable ukulele string gauges based on instrument size, tuning, and playing style.
Calculate the brilliance of a unicorn's rainbow by combining sun angle, dewiness, and sparkle factor. A playful tool for fantasy planners and daydreamers.
Compute the total experience required to reach each level using a base value and growth rate. Useful for game designers balancing progression.
Estimate how long a video game speedrun will take by adding planned segment times and a buffer for mistakes.
Calculate volleyball hitting percentage using kills, errors, and total attempts. Track your effectiveness on the court.
Convert volumes between liters, milliliters, gallons, quarts, pints, cups and more with this volume converter.
Compute the total points for a tabletop wargame army list by summing unit and upgrade costs.
Estimate the next likely werewolf transformation using lunar phases, stress level, and last full moon sighting. A playful yet practical guide for those with a furry secret.
Figure out how much solvent to add when diluting magical potions. This handy tool keeps your alchemy experiments consistent and safe.
Calculate daily spell slots for a tabletop wizard and track how many slots you have remaining. A playful helper for mages and game masters.
Calculate when to recharge your spellcasting wand based on daily spell usage, wand capacity, and nightly recharge rate. Perfect for organized wizards.
Enter start and end times for each day to compute total hours and overtime instantly in your browser.
Approximate the rider speed and cable tension of a zipline from span, sag, drop and mass.
Discover how your sun sign pairs with another using this zodiac compatibility calculator. Learn about the elements and qualities that influence astrological relationships.
Plan cylindrical zoetrope animations by computing frame width, slot spacing, and rotation speed for smooth motion.